Exam 6: B: Learning

What has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a target response?

In classical conditioning,the stimulus that normally evokes an automatic response even without new learning is called the

Shaping is achieved through

Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food,the cats come running to the kitchen.Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned stimulus is the

Of the following phenomena,which one best explains the spreading of phobias to objects similar to the one to which the phobia was originally acquired?

Nagging someone to do something until they do it is an example of

Learning is a process by which experience results in

Negative reinforcement is best thought of as

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and,all of a sudden,the response permanently ceases to produce any food,then _______ will occur.

Johnny watches as his older brother,Billy,jumps up and down on their parents' bed,squealing with delight.Johnny wants to join in but stops himself when he sees Billy fall off the bed and hurt his arm.From this experience,Johnny never ever wants to jump up and down on their parents' bed.Which term best explains Johnny's behaviour?

Anything that follows a response,making that response more likely to recur,is

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

The Canada Revenue Agency threatens Sue with a penalty if she fails to pay her back taxes.She pays,and the threat is withdrawn.In the future,she is more prompt in meeting her obligation.This is an example of the use of _______ to control behaviour.

One of the best-known examples of classical conditioning in humans was the Little Albert study,conducted by

Which of the following is NOT negative reinforcement?

The apparatus that has come to symbolize the theory of operant conditioning is the

Negative reinforcement is negative in the sense that

Dan and Joel,both four years old,have been watching reruns of <i style='mso-bidi-font-style:normal'>Superman</i> on television.Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof,ready to try flying.What best accounts for the boys' behaviour?

The presentation of an aversive stimulus following a particular operant response is called

By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat,Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented.In this experiment,the ringing of the bell was the