Exam 1: A: Introducing Psychological Science

Part of being scientifically literate is being able to apply scientific knowledge to real-world situations.

The goal of Edward Titchener in adopting Wilhelm Wundt's method of introspection was to break down consciousness into its most basic elements.

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about processes that can be observed and measured.

Critical thinkers realize that all opinions are valid.

Sigmund Freud's work using hypnosis to cure patients made him realize that many of his patients' symptoms had mental,not physical,causes and this led to the development of psychoanalysis.

Humanistic psychology is an approach emphasizing the need for psychologists to focus on the whole of perception and experience,rather than its parts.

The psychology of women is focused primarily on investigating why men are traditionally favoured in society.

A good hypothesis is one that is stated in the most general terms possible.

Cognitive psychology focuses on helping people to see the good in their lives and to accept themselves for who they are.

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the function and purpose of behaviour and consciousness.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)allows researchers to tap into the unconscious processes that motivate behaviour.

Critical thinking involves exercising curiosity and skepticism when evaluating the claims of others,as well as our own assumptions and beliefs.

Psychology is best defined as the study of mental illness and abnormal behaviour.

The term "theory" is interchangeable with the terms "opinion" or "belief."

Credit for establishing psychology as an independent field of science is generally given to William James.

Psychology became a scientific discipline in the mid- to late-1600s.

The cognitive perspective is an approach that emphasizes mental processes in thinking,memory,language,and other areas of behaviour.

Psychoanalysis emphasizes the influence of unconscious urges and memories on behaviour.

Empiricism means that knowledge about the world is based on careful observation,not common sense or speculation.

Phrenologists suggested that specific mental traits and dispositions could be identified by examining the surface of the skull.