Question 1

As we learn that particular behaviors lead to particular goals, _____ are established.

Accepted Answer

A)  drives 
B)  cognitive disciplines 
C)  expectancies 
D)  motivational drives 
A)  drives 
B)  cognitive disciplines 
C)  expectancies 
D)  motivational drives

Question 2

Jim does not study for the test because he believes his grade will just be a matter of luck. Rotter would classify him as a(n) _____ person.

Accepted Answer

A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  situational 
D)  superstitious 
A)  internal 
B)  external 
C)  situational 
D)  superstitious

Question 3

The _____ is best explained by Tolman's statement that learning can occur in the absence of any behavioral change, but motivation is necessary for learning to be translated into performance.

Accepted Answer

A)  learning continuum 
B)  learning-performance distinction 
C)  cognitive purposive expression 
D)  learning and performance drive expectation 
A)  learning continuum 
B)  learning-performance distinction 
C)  cognitive purposive expression 
D)  learning and performance drive expectation

Question 4

In their experiment on place learning, Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish (1946) found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  response learning was faster than place learning 
B)  place learning was faster than response learning 
C)  place and response were learned at the same speed 
D)  neither place nor response learning occurred quickly 
A)  response learning was faster than place learning 
B)  place learning was faster than response learning 
C)  place and response were learned at the same speed 
D)  neither place nor response learning occurred quickly

Question 5

Linda believes if she studies hard for a test, she will earn a good grade. Rotter would classify her as a(n) _____ individual.

Accepted Answer

A)  external 
B)  conscientious 
C)  hard-working 
D)  internal 
A)  external 
B)  conscientious 
C)  hard-working 
D)  internal

Question 6

For Tolman, whether the behavior is of a rat or a human, it is characterized by _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  purpose; drive 
B)  cognition; heredity 
C)  drive; purpose 
D)  cognition; purpose 
A)  purpose; drive 
B)  cognition; heredity 
C)  drive; purpose 
D)  cognition; purpose

Question 7

According to Ajzen, a(n) _____ is what a person thinks to be true, and a(n) _____ is a positive or negative evaluation of something.

Accepted Answer

A)  attitude; prejudice 
B)  opportunity; requirement 
C)  belief; attitude 
D)  attitude; belief 
A)  attitude; prejudice 
B)  opportunity; requirement 
C)  belief; attitude 
D)  attitude; belief

Question 8

The technique in which participants are asked to make up a story based on ambiguous pictures is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control test 
B)  thematic apperception test 
C)  sensation seeking scale 
D)  predictive hypothesis testing 
A)  locus of control test 
B)  thematic apperception test 
C)  sensation seeking scale 
D)  predictive hypothesis testing

Question 9

Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Ringelmann effect was first observed for rope-pulling tasks 
B)  social loafing is observed in many contexts and cultures 
C)  the term social loafing has replaced the term Ringelmann effect 
D)  the Ringelmann effect is measured by the TAT 
A)  the Ringelmann effect was first observed for rope-pulling tasks 
B)  social loafing is observed in many contexts and cultures 
C)  the term social loafing has replaced the term Ringelmann effect 
D)  the Ringelmann effect is measured by the TAT

Question 10

In order to calculate the probability of the occurrence of a particular behavior, Rotter provides which of the following formulas?

Accepted Answer

A)  B = f (P + 
E)  
B)  B = H x D 
C)  B = E x V 
D)  B = Ms x P 
A)  B = f (P + 
E)  
B)  B = H x D 
C)  B = E x V 
D)  B = Ms x P

Question 11

According to Tolman, characteristics of molar behavior include all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it is persistently goal-directed 
B)  it forms a consistent pattern 
C)  it shows a selectivity of routes 
D)  it is arranged hierarchically 
A)  it is persistently goal-directed 
B)  it forms a consistent pattern 
C)  it shows a selectivity of routes 
D)  it is arranged hierarchically

Question 12

Which of the following has been used to measure achievement motivation?

Accepted Answer

A)  TAT 
B)  Stanford-Binet IQ test 
C)  16PF 
D)  MMPI 
A)  TAT 
B)  Stanford-Binet IQ test 
C)  16PF 
D)  MMPI

Question 13

David McClelland and John Atkinson are most closely associated with research on:

Accepted Answer

A)  achievement motivation 
B)  locus of control 
C)  internal-external measurement in children 
D)  sensation seeking 
A)  achievement motivation 
B)  locus of control 
C)  internal-external measurement in children 
D)  sensation seeking

Question 14

A concept common to the theories of both Tolman and Lewin is their belief in _____ as important determinants of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus-response units 
B)  tension 
C)  cognitive factors 
D)  needs 
A)  stimulus-response units 
B)  tension 
C)  cognitive factors 
D)  needs

Question 15

Dweck and Elliot (1983) identified two types of motivational goals, _____ goals (increasing personal competence), and _____ goals (comparing one's own competence with others).

Accepted Answer

A)  mastery; performance 
B)  personal; social 
C)  performance; mastery 
D)  individual; group 
A)  mastery; performance 
B)  personal; social 
C)  performance; mastery 
D)  individual; group

Question 16

Sam is motivated by factors such as money and scholarships. We might call Sam's motivation:

Accepted Answer

A)  money-motivated 
B)  locus of control 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  performance 
A)  money-motivated 
B)  locus of control 
C)  extrinsic 
D)  performance

Question 17

Motivational states that are best explained in terms of rational thought processes are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  reasoned action 
B)  rational social theories 
C)  cognitive theories 
D)  rational thinking 
A)  reasoned action 
B)  rational social theories 
C)  cognitive theories 
D)  rational thinking

Question 18

Rotter developed a test that assessed a person's internality-externality called the _____ scale.

Accepted Answer

A)  internality-externality circumstances 
B)  sensation seeking 
C)  locus of control 
D)  reinforcement contingency 
A)  internality-externality circumstances 
B)  sensation seeking 
C)  locus of control 
D)  reinforcement contingency

Question 19

According to expectancy-value theory, motivated behaviors result from the value:

Accepted Answer

A)  a goal has for the individual 
B)  of a goal as determined by society 
C)  of previous goals 
D)  of a need as determined by society 
A)  a goal has for the individual 
B)  of a goal as determined by society 
C)  of previous goals 
D)  of a need as determined by society

Question 20

According to Rotter, our preference for an event is determined by that event's _____, which is its desirability to us.

Accepted Answer

A)  situation factors 
B)  subjective estimates 
C)  reinforcement value 
D)  generalized value 
A)  situation factors 
B)  subjective estimates 
C)  reinforcement value 
D)  generalized value

As we learn that particular behaviors lead to particular goals, _____ are established.

Jim does not study for the test because he believes his grade will just be a matter of luck. Rotter would classify him as a(n) _____ person.

The _____ is best explained by Tolman's statement that learning can occur in the absence of any behavioral change, but motivation is necessary for learning to be translated into performance.

In their experiment on place learning, Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish (1946) found that:

Linda believes if she studies hard for a test, she will earn a good grade. Rotter would classify her as a(n) _____ individual.

For Tolman, whether the behavior is of a rat or a human, it is characterized by _ and _.

According to Ajzen, a(n) _ is what a person thinks to be true, and a(n) _ is a positive or negative evaluation of something.

The technique in which participants are asked to make up a story based on ambiguous pictures is called:

Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

In order to calculate the probability of the occurrence of a particular behavior, Rotter provides which of the following formulas?

According to Tolman, characteristics of molar behavior include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following has been used to measure achievement motivation?

David McClelland and John Atkinson are most closely associated with research on:

A concept common to the theories of both Tolman and Lewin is their belief in _____ as important determinants of behavior.

Dweck and Elliot (1983) identified two types of motivational goals, _ goals (increasing personal competence), and _ goals (comparing one's own competence with others).

Sam is motivated by factors such as money and scholarships. We might call Sam's motivation:

Motivational states that are best explained in terms of rational thought processes are called:

Rotter developed a test that assessed a person's internality-externality called the _____ scale.

According to expectancy-value theory, motivated behaviors result from the value:

According to Rotter, our preference for an event is determined by that event's _____, which is its desirability to us.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Motivation

Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

Exam 8: Cognitive Motivation: Expectancy-Value Approaches

As we learn that particular behaviors lead to particular goals, _____ are established.

Jim does not study for the test because he believes his grade will just be a matter of luck. Rotter would classify him as a(n) _____ person.

The _____ is best explained by Tolman's statement that learning can occur in the absence of any behavioral change, but motivation is necessary for learning to be translated into performance.

In their experiment on place learning, Tolman, Ritchie, and Kalish (1946) found that:

Linda believes if she studies hard for a test, she will earn a good grade. Rotter would classify her as a(n) _____ individual.

For Tolman, whether the behavior is of a rat or a human, it is characterized by _____ and _____.

According to Ajzen, a(n) _____ is what a person thinks to be true, and a(n) _____ is a positive or negative evaluation of something.

The technique in which participants are asked to make up a story based on ambiguous pictures is called:

Research indicates all of the following EXCEPT:

In order to calculate the probability of the occurrence of a particular behavior, Rotter provides which of the following formulas?

According to Tolman, characteristics of molar behavior include all of the following EXCEPT:

Which of the following has been used to measure achievement motivation?

David McClelland and John Atkinson are most closely associated with research on:

A concept common to the theories of both Tolman and Lewin is their belief in _____ as important determinants of behavior.

Dweck and Elliot (1983) identified two types of motivational goals, _____ goals (increasing personal competence), and _____ goals (comparing one's own competence with others).

Sam is motivated by factors such as money and scholarships. We might call Sam's motivation:

Motivational states that are best explained in terms of rational thought processes are called:

Rotter developed a test that assessed a person's internality-externality called the _____ scale.

According to expectancy-value theory, motivated behaviors result from the value:

According to Rotter, our preference for an event is determined by that event's _____, which is its desirability to us.

Conceptualizing and Measuring Motivation

Genetic Contributions to Motivated Behavior

Physiological Mechanisms of Arousal

Physiological Mechanisms of Regulation

Learned Motives: Classical, Instrumental, and Observational Learning

Incentive Motivation

Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Cognitive Motivation: Social Motivation and Consistency

Cognitive Motivation: Attribution Approaches

Cognitive Motivation: Competence and Control

The Emotions As Motivators

Conclusions

Filters

For Tolman, whether the behavior is of a rat or a human, it is characterized by _ and _.

According to Ajzen, a(n) _ is what a person thinks to be true, and a(n) _ is a positive or negative evaluation of something.

Dweck and Elliot (1983) identified two types of motivational goals, _ goals (increasing personal competence), and _ goals (comparing one's own competence with others).