Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Suppose you take a psychological test and receive a score of 82 (out of a possible 100) on it.Imagine that you take the same test again two days later and this time you receive a score of 46.Other people who have taken the test twice have also had similar positive and negative changes in scores.These results mean that this test has:

Using Stern's intelligence quotient,if Susie is 6 years old and has a mental age of the average 9 year old,her IQ would be:

Shelley is attempting to solve a problem and at this point in time,she is trying to generate as many solutions as possible and to incorporate new and unusual ideas into her potential solutions.Which of the following best describes Shelley's thinking processes at this time?

A mode of thought in which we seem to "hear" verbal sentences in our minds is referred to as imaginal thought.

General problem-solving strategies that often involve short-cuts and may or may not generate the correct answer are called:

People typically believe that fires cause more deaths,but statistics reveal that drowning actually causes significantly more deaths than fire.Some researchers argue that we make this error because TV news programs show much more footage of fires than drowning,because fires are more exciting to televise.This presumably makes it much easier for us to call up examples of death by fire.This particular finding is best considered as an example of a judgment error caused by:

A(n)_______________ test is designed to determine how much information individuals have learned whereas a(n)______________ test is designed to determine an individual's potential for learning.

William Stern's concept of ______________ was defined as the ratio of a person's mental age to their chronological age,multiplied by 100.

Using IQ test scores to predict grades,intelligence researchers have obtained positive correlations of about .60 for high school students and correlations in the range of ___________ for college students.

The three major modes of thought are propositional thought,___________ thought,and ___________ thought.

What problem-solving pitfall was demonstrated by Luchin's water jars in which the tendency to stick to solutions that have worked in the past results in less effective problem-solving.

Similar to an aptitude test that measures your ability to learn things in the future,a measure of the ability to deal with novel problems,reasoning abstractly,and thinking logically is called ________________ intelligence.

Assume that you have a drawer that contains 19 black socks and 13 blue socks.What is the minimum number of socks that you must take from the drawer to insure that you have a matching pair? The answer is 3 socks.Most people have difficulty determining the answer because:

All of the following were mentioned as different types of validity measurements EXCEPT:

List and describe the three essential characteristics of language.What is displacement and to which of these characteristics does this concept apply?

Recent brain imaging studies examining sex differences during a language task indicate that:

Within the United States,children who have mean IQ scores that are slightly higher than children belonging to other ethnic groups belong to the following ethnic group:

Suppose there was a language that had only two words for precipitation,and that one of those words was for rain and the other for snow.If it was found that people who spoke only that language had difficulty discriminating among mist,drizzle,rain,freezing rain,hail,ice pellets,snow,and other forms of precipitation,then that finding would support the:

As an expert chef,Ben knows exactly how to make the best dish using whatever ingredients are available to him.Ben has a vast storage of knowledge that he has organized in his memory that enables him to quickly solve any cooking dilemma he might be faced with.This knowledge is organized in _________________.

One morning,John decides to have oatmeal for breakfast,and he later performs very well on a math test that he takes that day.He doesn't think too much about this until a few weeks later when he does very well on an English test and recalls that he had oatmeal for breakfast before that test too.He concludes that eating oatmeal in the morning helps him perform better on exams.This example best demonstrates: