Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Jeff has been working on a particular problem for several weeks but he isn't making any progress on it.He decides to put the problem aside for a few weeks and return to it later.Which of the following problem-solving strategies is he using?

Within the context of selecting students for college,an aptitude test would theoretically be used to assess how much someone has learned in high school.

Experts tend to rely on schemas to solve their specialized problems,and thus when solving a problem they make use of long-term memory where these schemas reside.In contrast,novices who don't have such schemas are forced to solve problems in their limited __________ memory.

The Crow and the Trains problem was presented to demonstrate the importance of framing a problem correctly.

The position that language not only influences but determines what we are capable of thinking is known as the:

Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence was discussed as an example of the ____________ approach to intelligence.

In their most basic form,these statements express facts and consist of concepts that are combined in a particular way.These statements are called:

Which of the following formulas was originally used by William Stern to determine a person's intelligence quotient?

Researchers who are affiliated with the cognitive psychology approach to intelligence:

According to the text,biological explanations for gender differences in cognitive abilities have increasingly focused more and more attention on the developing brain and on current cognitive performance that is impacted by___________..

Define the following concepts: the representativeness heuristic,the availability heuristic,and the confirmation bias.For each one,discuss how it can produce errors in probability estimates or reasoning.

___________________ refers to whether test items measure the skills or knowledge that are assumed to comprise the construct of interest.

The fact that language is mastered relatively early in life by the vast majority of children and that the deep structures of all languages are more or less similar despite phonemic differences were presented as evidence that human language has a strong ____________ basis.

Jake took a severe blow to the head during last Saturday's hockey game.At the hospital,Jake had a CAT scan and along with finding out he only suffered a minor concussion,Jake's doctor told him he had an unusually large brain for a man his size and age.Jake bragged about this fact at school because he believed this meant he was more intelligent that others,until Julie pointed out to him that:

Before they ran any actual experiments,Darley and Latané based the development of their theory of diffusion of responsibility on the highly publicized murder of Kitty Genovese and a few other similar instances.This would represent an instance where science is utilizing __________ reasoning.

Current intelligence tests provide an "IQ" score that:

Phillips studied the families of African American and Caucasian children and proposed that 66 percent of the mean IQ score differences between these two ethnic groups may be accounted for by _____________ factors.

Research on the predictive validity of IQ tests has revealed that these tests:

Achievement tests are more focused on past learning while aptitude tests are more focused on the potential for future learning.

Which of the following statements about the human brain is FALSE?