Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Based on research in communication,which of the following is evidence disputing the position that animals exhibit true language?

Individual differences in the ability to acquire knowledge,to think and to reason effectively,and to deal adaptively with the environment is called:

Alfred Binet made which of the following assumptions when developing his intelligence measure?

One of the reasons that William Stern's original formula for calculating IQ was abandoned was that:

On a recent vacation to Toronto,Kent and Linda decided not to go up to the observation deck at the top of the CN Tower (one of the tallest structures in the world)because they quickly remembered the events of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre Towers in New York.Kent and Linda's decision best demonstrates an example of:

According to the American Psychiatric Association's classification system,an adult with a cognitive disability who may need occasional guidance and support when under unusual social or economic stress would be characterized as having a ______________ cognitive disability.

Justine's best friend has just told her that Jason,Justine's boyfriend is cheating on her.Justine can't believe this and decides to watch him very closely the next few days for signs of his cheating.Jason brings Justine flowers on Wednesday,ends their Thursday night date early so Justine "can get her beauty sleep," and visits a sick friend in the hospital,missing their date on Friday night.Justine still thought that he was being faithful,just look at the wonderful things he does! Justine was only looking for evidence Jason was being faithful to her thereby falling sway to the _______________________.

The following two assumptions: mental abilities develop with age and the rate of developmental change is relatively constant for a given individual,were assumptions made by __________ .

PET scans of people taken while they are solving problems have revealed that the brains of highly intelligent people consumed less glucose,suggesting that when compared to the brains of people with average intelligence,their brains were working ______ .

The surface structure of a language refers to the ways that symbols are combined within that language,while the underlying meaning of these combined symbols is considered _____________________.

Creating a well-controlled testing environment in which extraneous factors will not influence test scores is most relevant to establishing which of the following?

A vocabulary test and a geography test would be considered examples of ______________ intelligence,which is thought to improve or remain constant well into adulthood.

Describe the construction of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.What summary scores are obtained from this test and how can differences among these scores be interpreted?

The term syntax refers to the rules that govern the organization of the surface structure of a language,while the rules that determine how symbols are connected to what they represent are referred to as _______________.

Research on the potential impact of physiological brain functioning on intelligence has suggested that intelligent people have brains that:

When psychologists first build a theory,it is often based on a few observations of cases from the real world.This is what John Darley and Bibb Latané did when they initially based their theory of diffusion of responsibility on the murder of Kitty Genovese.In cases like these,psychologists are involved in the process of ___________ reasoning.

Gardner's view of multiple intelligences includes the ability to perceive musical pitches and rhythms,the ability to control body movements,and personal understanding of others and ourselves.

The ________________________ proposes that language influences and determines what an individual is thinking.

The ___________ approach to studying intelligence attempts to determine the exact structure of intelligence and is interested in such questions as how many different kinds of mental abilities are involved in test performance.

Charlotte had seen many beautiful diamonds before but she had never seen a purple diamond.Therefore Charlotte reasoned that purple diamonds do not exist.Charlotte's reasoning may be in error because it leads to a likelihood rather than a certainty.This is called ______________ reasoning.