Question 1

The evidence from numerous studies suggests that the negative effects of shift rotation can be reduced if

Accepted Answer

A)  the workers take melatonin at the onset of their work shift. 
B)  the workers are not exposed to bright light at anytime during their work week. 
C)  the workers take melatonin at the end of their work shift. 
D)  the workers have progressively later starting times and have longer periods between shift changes. 
A)  the workers take melatonin at the onset of their work shift. 
B)  the workers are not exposed to bright light at anytime during their work week. 
C)  the workers take melatonin at the end of their work shift. 
D)  the workers have progressively later starting times and have longer periods between shift changes.

Question 2

Evolutionary psychology suggests that consciousness

Accepted Answer

A)  develops during adolescence. 
B)  develops only in highly evolved cultures. 
C)  must serve an unconscious purpose. 
D)  must serve an adaptive purpose. 
A)  develops during adolescence. 
B)  develops only in highly evolved cultures. 
C)  must serve an unconscious purpose. 
D)  must serve an adaptive purpose.

Question 3

Over the course of several nights Jack is selectively deprived of REM sleep and Jill deprived of slow-wave sleep. Which of the following BEST describes their pattern of sleeping when first allowed uninterrupted sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased slow-wave sleep 
B)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased REM sleep 
C)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show no change in REM or slow-wave sleep 
D)  Jack will show decreased REM sleep and Jill will show decreased slow-wave sleep 
A)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased slow-wave sleep 
B)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show increased REM sleep 
C)  Jack will show increased REM sleep and Jill will show no change in REM or slow-wave sleep 
D)  Jack will show decreased REM sleep and Jill will show decreased slow-wave sleep

Question 4

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that it is most likely that Kayla

Accepted Answer

A)  has just fallen asleep. 
B)  will fall asleep in the next 60 minutes. 
C)  has just woken up. 
D)  has been meditating for the past 30 minutes. 
A)  has just fallen asleep. 
B)  will fall asleep in the next 60 minutes. 
C)  has just woken up. 
D)  has been meditating for the past 30 minutes.

Question 5

The idea that hypnosis is associated with divided consciousness and is an altered state is most consistent with which of the following theories of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Barber's role theory 
B)  Schachter's cognitive theory 
C)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory 
D)  Hilgard's dissociation theory 
A)  Barber's role theory 
B)  Schachter's cognitive theory 
C)  Freud's psychoanalytic theory 
D)  Hilgard's dissociation theory

Question 6

Dreaming is typically associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  REM sleep. 
B)  stage 1 sleep. 
C)  stage 2 sleep. 
D)  stage 4 sleep. 
A)  REM sleep. 
B)  stage 1 sleep. 
C)  stage 2 sleep. 
D)  stage 4 sleep.

Question 7

Cultures ____ dreaming.

Accepted Answer

A)  vary in the significance they place on 
B)  are very similar in the significance they place on 
C)  vary in the proportion of sleep time they spend 
D)  vary in the total amount of sleep time they spend 
A)  vary in the significance they place on 
B)  are very similar in the significance they place on 
C)  vary in the proportion of sleep time they spend 
D)  vary in the total amount of sleep time they spend

Question 8

The brain wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 4 
C)  REM 
D)  NREM 
A)  Stage 1 
B)  Stage 4 
C)  REM 
D)  NREM

Question 9

"Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep, probably because he was dreaming about boot camp." What is WRONG with this statement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity. 
B)  Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep. 
C)  Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep. 
D)  Manny was never in boot camp so he is not likely to be dreaming about it. 
A)  Sleep is a relaxed condition of the body and, as such, precludes physical activity. 
B)  Research shows that no dreaming takes place in REM sleep. 
C)  Research shows that we are virtually paralyzed in REM sleep. 
D)  Manny was never in boot camp so he is not likely to be dreaming about it.

Question 10

If you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

Accepted Answer

A)  problem-solving theory of dreams. 
B)  activation-synthesis theory of dreams. 
C)  wish-fulfillment theory of dreams. 
D)  neural overflow hypothesis of dreams. 
A)  problem-solving theory of dreams. 
B)  activation-synthesis theory of dreams. 
C)  wish-fulfillment theory of dreams. 
D)  neural overflow hypothesis of dreams.

Question 11

A hypnotist is putting on a demonstration, and your friend Benjamin is thinking about volunteering. However, he is a little nervous because he is afraid he might do things while he is hypnotized that he would normally not do. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell Benjamin

Accepted Answer

A)  people will never do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
B)  people will often do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
C)  sometimes people will do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
D)  hypnosis doesn't really work, so he shouldn't bother volunteering. 
A)  people will never do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
B)  people will often do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
C)  sometimes people will do things under hypnosis that they would normally consider unacceptable. 
D)  hypnosis doesn't really work, so he shouldn't bother volunteering.

Question 12

Felicia is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

A)  electromyograph 
B)  circadiometer 
C)  electroencephalograph 
D)  polygraph 
A)  electromyograph 
B)  circadiometer 
C)  electroencephalograph 
D)  polygraph

Question 13

Researchers have tried exposure to ____ as a treatment to realign circadian rhythms.

Accepted Answer

A)  melatonin 
B)  caffeine 
C)  bright light 
D)  endorphins 
A)  melatonin 
B)  caffeine 
C)  bright light 
D)  endorphins

Question 14

One recent study suggested that ____ treatments produce more long-lasting benefits in the treatment of insomnia than do drug therapies.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypnosis 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behavioral 
D)  electroconvulsive shock 
A)  hypnosis 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  behavioral 
D)  electroconvulsive shock

Question 15

Mackenzie was in a car accident, and when she hit her head the ascending fibers in her reticular activating system were damaged. With this type of injury, it is likely that Mackenzie will

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer experience REM sleep. 
B)  be in a continuous sleep state. 
C)  not be able to sleep for more than a few minutes at a time. 
D)  no longer experience Stage 2 or Stage 3 sleep. 
A)  no longer experience REM sleep. 
B)  be in a continuous sleep state. 
C)  not be able to sleep for more than a few minutes at a time. 
D)  no longer experience Stage 2 or Stage 3 sleep.

Question 16

While Nicholas was hypnotized he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

Accepted Answer

A)  causes people to act out a role. 
B)  is the same as REM-sleep. 
C)  is the same as slow-wave sleep. 
D)  creates a dissociation in conscious awareness. 
A)  causes people to act out a role. 
B)  is the same as REM-sleep. 
C)  is the same as slow-wave sleep. 
D)  creates a dissociation in conscious awareness.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT associated with a state of hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  narrowed attention 
B)  increased or enhanced fantasy 
C)  decrease in suggestibility 
D)  increase in passive relaxation 
A)  narrowed attention 
B)  increased or enhanced fantasy 
C)  decrease in suggestibility 
D)  increase in passive relaxation

Question 18

Last night, five-year-old Ross let out a piercing cry and abruptly awakened in a state of panic. Most likely, Ross experienced

Accepted Answer

A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  a night terror. 
C)  a nightmare. 
D)  sleep apnea. 
A)  narcolepsy. 
B)  a night terror. 
C)  a nightmare. 
D)  sleep apnea.

Question 19

You are observing your friend Melissa while she is sleeping. She is tossing and turning. It is most likely that Melissa is currently in

Accepted Answer

A)  NREM sleep and she is acting out a dream she is experiencing. 
B)  REM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing. 
C)  NREM sleep and her movements are random. 
D)  REM sleep and her movements are random. 
A)  NREM sleep and she is acting out a dream she is experiencing. 
B)  REM sleep and is acting out a dream that she is experiencing. 
C)  NREM sleep and her movements are random. 
D)  REM sleep and her movements are random.

Question 20

Jacob is attached to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and it is recording brain waves at 20 cycles per second. Jacob is MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A)  alert and awake. 
B)  deeply relaxed and meditating. 
C)  lightly sleeping. 
D)  in very deep sleep. 
A)  alert and awake. 
B)  deeply relaxed and meditating. 
C)  lightly sleeping. 
D)  in very deep sleep.

Exam 9: Variations in Consciousness Part 1

The evidence from numerous studies suggests that the negative effects of shift rotation can be reduced if

Evolutionary psychology suggests that consciousness

Over the course of several nights Jack is selectively deprived of REM sleep and Jill deprived of slow-wave sleep. Which of the following BEST describes their pattern of sleeping when first allowed uninterrupted sleep?

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that it is most likely that Kayla

The idea that hypnosis is associated with divided consciousness and is an altered state is most consistent with which of the following theories of hypnosis?

Dreaming is typically associated with

Cultures ____ dreaming.

The brain wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

"Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep, probably because he was dreaming about boot camp." What is WRONG with this statement?

If you interpreted Peter's dream of arguing with a larger-than-life faceless authority figure as an attempt on his part to decide which approach to take in convincing his father of the merits of his future plans, you would be subscribing to the

A hypnotist is putting on a demonstration, and your friend Benjamin is thinking about volunteering. However, he is a little nervous because he is afraid he might do things while he is hypnotized that he would normally not do. Based on research into the effects of hypnosis, you should tell Benjamin

Felicia is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

Researchers have tried exposure to ____ as a treatment to realign circadian rhythms.

One recent study suggested that ____ treatments produce more long-lasting benefits in the treatment of insomnia than do drug therapies.

Mackenzie was in a car accident, and when she hit her head the ascending fibers in her reticular activating system were damaged. With this type of injury, it is likely that Mackenzie will

While Nicholas was hypnotized he was able to endure painful jaw surgery without any anesthesia. This could be taken as support for the view that hypnosis

Which of the following is NOT associated with a state of hypnosis?

Last night, five-year-old Ross let out a piercing cry and abruptly awakened in a state of panic. Most likely, Ross experienced

You are observing your friend Melissa while she is sleeping. She is tossing and turning. It is most likely that Melissa is currently in

Jacob is attached to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and it is recording brain waves at 20 cycles per second. Jacob is MOST likely

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

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