Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems. 
B)  It is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker. 
C)  Sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming. 
D)  There appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking. 
A)  Sleepwalking is generally a manifestation of underlying psychological problems. 
B)  It is unsafe to awaken a sleepwalker. 
C)  Sleepwalking typically occurs while the person is dreaming. 
D)  There appears to be a genetic predisposition to sleepwalking.

Question 2

A device that records eye movements is the

Accepted Answer

A)  electroencephalograph or EEG. 
B)  electromyograph or EMG. 
C)  electrooculograph or EOG. 
D)  electrocardiograph or EKG. 
A)  electroencephalograph or EEG. 
B)  electromyograph or EMG. 
C)  electrooculograph or EOG. 
D)  electrocardiograph or EKG.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common effect produced by hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  posthypnotic suggestions 
B)  decrease in sensitivity to suggestions 
C)  sensory distortions and hallucinations 
D)  anesthesia 
A)  posthypnotic suggestions 
B)  decrease in sensitivity to suggestions 
C)  sensory distortions and hallucinations 
D)  anesthesia

Question 4

Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns. Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids. The researcher who is monitoring Bailey's sleep can conclude that Bailey

Accepted Answer

A)  has just entered REM sleep. 
B)  has just entered Stage 4 sleep. 
C)  is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention. 
D)  suffers from a sleep disorder. 
A)  has just entered REM sleep. 
B)  has just entered Stage 4 sleep. 
C)  is experiencing sleep anoxia and needs immediate medical attention. 
D)  suffers from a sleep disorder.

Question 5

Compared to employees who have set work schedules, employees who work rotating shifts get ____ sleep and ____ quality sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  more; poorer 
B)  more; higher 
C)  less; poorer 
D)  less; higher 
A)  more; poorer 
B)  more; higher 
C)  less; poorer 
D)  less; higher

Question 6

The majority of slow-wave sleep occurs ____ the course of a night's sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  early in 
B)  late in 
C)  in the middle of 
D)  evenly distributed throughout 
A)  early in 
B)  late in 
C)  in the middle of 
D)  evenly distributed throughout

Question 7

Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen's condition is called

Accepted Answer

A)  narcology. 
B)  sleep tremors. 
C)  somnambulism. 
D)  agnosia. 
A)  narcology. 
B)  sleep tremors. 
C)  somnambulism. 
D)  agnosia.

Question 8

Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  construction 
B)  activation-synthesis 
C)  conservation of energy 
D)  problem solving 
A)  construction 
B)  activation-synthesis 
C)  conservation of energy 
D)  problem solving

Question 9

An electroencephalograph (EEG) is recording Alyssa's brain activity. She has just entered Stage 1 sleep when there is a sudden, loud crash in the sleep lab. It is likely that

Accepted Answer

A)  the EEG will temporarily show a flat line before returning to theta waves. 
B)  the crash will wake Alyssa from her relatively light sleep. 
C)  there will be a sleep spindle recorded on the EEG at the time of the crash. 
D)  the noise of the crash will be incorporated into the dream Alyssa is currently experiencing. 
A)  the EEG will temporarily show a flat line before returning to theta waves. 
B)  the crash will wake Alyssa from her relatively light sleep. 
C)  there will be a sleep spindle recorded on the EEG at the time of the crash. 
D)  the noise of the crash will be incorporated into the dream Alyssa is currently experiencing.

Question 10

Differences between a nightmare and a night terror include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  nightmares tend to occur in REM sleep; night terrors occur in N-REM. 
B)  nightmares produce vivid dreams; night terrors do not. 
C)  night terrors produce intense feelings of panic; nightmares produce anxiety responses. 
D)  nightmares tend to happen most frequently in the first 2 hours of sleep and night terrors in the last few hours. 
A)  nightmares tend to occur in REM sleep; night terrors occur in N-REM. 
B)  nightmares produce vivid dreams; night terrors do not. 
C)  night terrors produce intense feelings of panic; nightmares produce anxiety responses. 
D)  nightmares tend to happen most frequently in the first 2 hours of sleep and night terrors in the last few hours.

Question 11

Doctors and nurses try to "watch what they say" when performing surgery because

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of other members of the surgical team is disrupted by unnecessary comments. 
B)  people under anesthesia occasionally awaken completely during surgery. 
C)  people under anesthesia maintain some awareness and can occasionally hear comments. 
D)  the patient's family members occasionally overhear comments. 
A)  the concentration of other members of the surgical team is disrupted by unnecessary comments. 
B)  people under anesthesia occasionally awaken completely during surgery. 
C)  people under anesthesia maintain some awareness and can occasionally hear comments. 
D)  the patient's family members occasionally overhear comments.

Question 12

A device that measures electrical activity in the brain over time by the means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the skin is

Accepted Answer

A)  a CT scan. 
B)  electroencephalograph. 
C)  an MRI. 
D)  a fMRI. 
A)  a CT scan. 
B)  electroencephalograph. 
C)  an MRI. 
D)  a fMRI.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?

Accepted Answer

A)  some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors 
B)  individuals in many non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures 
C)  many Western cultures view dreams as of little significance 
D)  many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information 
A)  some non-Western cultures view dreams as permitting communication with ancestors 
B)  individuals in many non-Western cultures tend to have poorer recall of dreams than individuals in Western cultures 
C)  many Western cultures view dreams as of little significance 
D)  many non-Western cultures view dreams as an important source of information

Question 14

Ethan took part in a research study in which, for three consecutive nights, he was awakened each time he entered slow-wave sleep. Now that Ethan is back at home it is likely that he will

Accepted Answer

A)  develop insomnia and show general disturbances in his sleep patterns. 
B)  spend extra time in slow-wave sleep for several nights. 
C)  spend less time in slow-wave sleep than he did before he took part in the study. 
D)  spend extra time in both slow-wave and REM sleep for several nights. 
A)  develop insomnia and show general disturbances in his sleep patterns. 
B)  spend extra time in slow-wave sleep for several nights. 
C)  spend less time in slow-wave sleep than he did before he took part in the study. 
D)  spend extra time in both slow-wave and REM sleep for several nights.

Question 15

Which of the following statements does NOT represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary bases of sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sleep helps restore energy and other body resources depleted by waking activities. 
B)  The immobilization associated with sleep reduces exposure to predators and other dangers. 
C)  Sleep allows us to live out our unconscious wishes and desires. 
D)  Sleep evolved to help maintain a constant, high body temperature by metabolic means. 
A)  Sleep helps restore energy and other body resources depleted by waking activities. 
B)  The immobilization associated with sleep reduces exposure to predators and other dangers. 
C)  Sleep allows us to live out our unconscious wishes and desires. 
D)  Sleep evolved to help maintain a constant, high body temperature by metabolic means.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about co-sleeping (i.e., parents and children sleeping together) is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Co-sleeping is widely accepted in Japanese culture. 
B)  Co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies. 
C)  American parents generally teach their children to sleep alone. 
D)  Around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception. 
A)  Co-sleeping is widely accepted in Japanese culture. 
B)  Co-sleeping is actively encouraged in most Western societies. 
C)  American parents generally teach their children to sleep alone. 
D)  Around the world as a whole, co-sleeping is the norm rather than the exception.

Question 17

The most common known sleep disorder is

Accepted Answer

A)  sleep apnea. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  insomnia. 
D)  somnambulism. 
A)  sleep apnea. 
B)  night terrors. 
C)  insomnia. 
D)  somnambulism.

Question 18

According to research on the content of dreams, which of the following is the LEAST likely dream theme?

Accepted Answer

A)  personal misfortune 
B)  conflict 
C)  current news events 
D)  aggression 
A)  personal misfortune 
B)  conflict 
C)  current news events 
D)  aggression

Question 19

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing rummy with an elephant wearing suspenders. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her grade school teachers and they were watching a purple sunset over a red ocean. According to the activation synthesis model of dreaming, the sudden bizarre changes in settings that took place in Danielle's dream represent

Accepted Answer

A)  an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. 
B)  the manifest content of the dream. 
C)  the latent content of the dream. 
D)  an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life. 
A)  an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. 
B)  the manifest content of the dream. 
C)  the latent content of the dream. 
D)  an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life.

Question 20

Night terrors are MOST closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  a somnambulistic episode 
B)  emotional disturbance 
C)  severe depression 
D)  NREM sleep 
A)  a somnambulistic episode 
B)  emotional disturbance 
C)  severe depression 
D)  NREM sleep

Exam 9: Variations in Consciousness Part 1

Which of the following statements regarding sleepwalking is MOST accurate?

A device that records eye movements is the

Which of the following is NOT a common effect produced by hypnosis?

Compared to employees who have set work schedules, employees who work rotating shifts get ____ sleep and ____ quality sleep.

The majority of slow-wave sleep occurs ____ the course of a night's sleep.

Stephen wanders about while remaining asleep. Stephen's condition is called

Which theory of dreaming suggests that the cortex constructs dreams in order to make sense out of neural impulses from subcortical areas of the brain?

An electroencephalograph (EEG) is recording Alyssa's brain activity. She has just entered Stage 1 sleep when there is a sudden, loud crash in the sleep lab. It is likely that

Differences between a nightmare and a night terror include all of the following EXCEPT

Doctors and nurses try to "watch what they say" when performing surgery because

A device that measures electrical activity in the brain over time by the means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the skin is

Which of the following statements is NOT correct in describing cultural differences concerning dreams?

Ethan took part in a research study in which, for three consecutive nights, he was awakened each time he entered slow-wave sleep. Now that Ethan is back at home it is likely that he will

Which of the following statements does NOT represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary bases of sleep?

Which of the following statements about co-sleeping (i.e., parents and children sleeping together) is NOT accurate?

The most common known sleep disorder is

According to research on the content of dreams, which of the following is the LEAST likely dream theme?

Night terrors are MOST closely associated with which of the following?

The Evolution of Psychology Part 1

The Evolution of Psychology Part 2

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 1

The Research Enterprise in Psychology Part 2

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 1

The Biological Bases of Behavior Part 2

Sensation and Perception Part 1

Sensation and Perception Part 2

Variations in Consciousness Part 2

Learning Part 1

Learning Part 2

Human Memory Part 1

Human Memory Part 2

Language and Thought Part 1

Language and Thought Part 2

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 1

Intelligence and Psychological Testing Part 2

Motivation and Emotion Part 1

Motivation and Emotion Part 2

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 1

Human Development Across the Life Span Part 2

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1

Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 1

Stress, Coping, and Health Part 2

Psychological Disorders Part 1

Psychological Disorders Part 2

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 1

Treatment of Psychological Disorders Part 2

Social Behavior Part 1

Social Behavior Part 2

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Compared to employees who have set work schedules, employees who work rotating shifts get sleep and quality sleep.