Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

In classical conditioning procedures, it is sometimes possible for higher-order conditioning to occur. Describe the research on higher-order conditioning in which slugs were the research subjects.

Extinction occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

A response will be easiest to extinguish if the animal has been trained:

What is the distinction between primary and secondary reinforcers?

Intrinsic rewards can undermine the pleasure of doing something for its own sake.

The reappearance of a learned response after its apparent extinction is called ________.

In Skinner's analysis, an operant behavior can lead to two types of consequences. Describe these two consequences.

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered even before the food was placed in its mouth. In this experiment, ________ was the unconditioned stimulus.

See whether you can supply the correct term to describe the outcome in each of these situations: -After Jeff learns to fear spiders, he also responds with fear of ants, beetles, and other crawling bugs.

What kind of consequence will follow if you can't answer these questions? -During late-afternoon "happy hours," bars and restaurants sell drinks at a reduced price and snacks are often free. What undesirable behavior may be rewarded by this practice?

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. In this instance, the meat powder was the ________.

B. F. Skinner used a chamber equipped with a device that delivers food or water when an animal makes a desired response. This device is called a(n):

In each of the following situations, choose the best alternative and give your reason for choosing it. -Your roommate keeps interrupting your studying even though you have asked her to stop. Should you ignore her completely or occasionally respond for the sake of good manners?

If a rat has learned to press a lever to obtain pellets of food and, all of a sudden, the response permanently ceases to produce any food, then _______ will occur.

William takes an aspirin to relieve a minor headache. This is an example of ________.

Which of the following is true about the use of extrinsic versus intrinsic rewards?

A variation of the counterconditioning procedure developed by Watson and Jones has been used to treat adult phobias. This variation is called:

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus through association with an already established conditioned stimulus.

For classical conditioning to be most effective, the stimulus to be conditioned should:

Which of the following statements reflects the difference between classical and operant conditioning?