Exam 9: Thinking and Intelligence

An especially representative example of a concept is called a(n):

Barnaby thinks his pet snake Curly is harboring angry thoughts about him because Curly has been standoffish and won't curl around his neck anymore. What error is Barnaby making?

Explain some of the hazards of multitasking.

Which of the following is most likely to be a prototype of the concept "fruit" for someone who grew up in the American Midwest?

Mental age is a measure of mental development expressed in terms of the average mental ability at a given age.

________ thinkers generally assume that a correct answer always exists to problems and can be obtained through the senses or from authorities.

A person who is low in emotional intelligence is likely to misread the nonverbal signals of others.

Stu meets a young woman at the student cafeteria. They hit it off and eventually get married. Says Stu, "I knew when I woke up that morning that something special was about to happen." What cognitive bias is affecting his thinking, charmingly romantic though it is?

One well-known theory of intelligence, the triarchic theory proposed by Robert Sternberg, distinguishes three different aspects of intelligence. Explain each of these aspects in detail.

Rita's mental representation for Halloween includes knowledge, beliefs, and expectations. Which term is used to describe these characteristics? Develop an example that describes Rita's mental representation for Halloween, making sure that each of the three aspects mentioned above is included.

Tacit knowledge refers to the knowledge of one's own cognitive processes and how they can be used effectively.

Compared to Asians, Americans are much more likely to think that a person either has mathematical intelligence or doesn't.

Standardized IQ tests predict school performance fairly well.

When Manmeet's father passed away, the will stated that Manmeet and his brother should decide how to split the estate between them. After weeks of fighting over how to divide the inheritance, Manmeet tells his brother, "I would rather both of us get nothing, than for you to get more than is right!" This somewhat irrational position is likely the result of:

The traditional approach to intelligence, the ________ approach, focuses on how well people perform on standardized aptitude tests.

________ is a state of tension that occurs when you hold either two cognitions that are psychologically inconsistent with one another, or a belief that is incongruent with your behavior.

Informal reasoning involves:

________ is the knowledge or awareness of one's own cognitive processes.

_______ is the tendency to solve new problems using procedures that worked before on similar problems.

When Howie's previous girlfriend used to get upset with him, he could smooth things over by buying flowers or chocolates for her. He keeps trying this strategy with his current girlfriend, but she gets angry with him each time. It appears that Howie has developed a _______________, which is interfering with the development of a new relationship strategy.