Exam 7: Learning and Conditioning

In operant conditioning, the tendency of a response to occur in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another similar stimulus that differs from it on some dimension is called ________.

What must be paired together for classical conditioning to occur?

Phil wants to train his parrot to kick a ball into a soccer net. Which of the following should he do?

See whether you can supply the correct term to describe the outcome in each of these situations: -Little Eryn is afraid of the bath, so her father puts just a little water in the tub and gives Eryn a lollipop to suck on while she is being washed. Soon Eryn loses her fear of the bath.

In Chapter 6, we learned that some taste preferences (such as a liking for sweets) are universal-a part of our evolutionary heritage. Others are a matter of culture. When Thurston attends a dinner at a Japanese restaurant, he is fascinated as the chef prepares the food on a grill in front of him. When the appetizers are served, Thurston enjoys the raw oysters, but he cannot imagine eating the raw sea urchins and raw octopus that his friends are savoring. Use learning theory to explain the differences between Thurston's taste in foods and that of his friends.

A negative reinforcement is a type of punishment.

Higher-order conditioning may contribute to the formation of:

Which of the following is a secondary reinforcer?

Ivan Pavlov studied the reflexive flow of saliva in dogs. He used meat powder or other food to trigger the salivation. It was later observed that the salivation in the dog was triggered when the dog saw its dog dish, even before the food was placed in it. In this instance, the dog dish is the ________.

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

A(n) ________ stimulus signals when a particular response is likely to be followed by a certain type of consequence.

See whether you can supply the correct term to describe the outcome in each of these situations: -A factory worker's mouth waters whenever a noontime bell signals the beginning of his lunch break. One day, the bell goes haywire and rings every half hour. By the end of the day, the worker has stopped salivating to the bell.

In the operant-conditioning procedure of shaping, behaviors that are ordered in terms of increasing similarity or closeness to the desired response are called ________.

Stimulus discrimination is the process of pairing a conditioned stimulus with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

If a dog begins to salivate at the sight of its dog food dish, then the dish is called a conditioned stimulus.

Counterconditioning is a process in which a conditioned stimulus is paired with a stimulus that elicits a response that is incompatible with an unwanted conditioned response.

Which of the following statements is true of the behaviorist perspective?

Individuals being treated for cancer may develop nausea when they arrive at the place where they have been receiving chemotherapy. In this case, the conditioned stimulus is ________.

From the behaviorist perspective, the reduction in pain that follows taking a placebo is a conditioned response.

Punishing a child's misbehavior is most effective if there is a delay between the behavior and the punishment so that the child has time to think about the consequence to come.