Exam 1: What Is Psychology

"How" and "why" an organism does something were the concerns of functionalists.

Andie claims that phrenology is a pseudoscience and not a true science. Which of the following statements supports her claim?

Critical thinkers are able to look for flaws in arguments.

Phrenologists suggested that specific character and personality traits could be read from bumps on a person's head.

Which of the following approaches was popular during the early days of modern psychology?

Anxiety is a common problem. Which of the four major perspectives in psychology is associated with each of these explanations? -Anxious people often think about the future in distorted ways.

_______________ psychologists are concerned with group decision making, employee morale, work motivation, productivity, job stress, and many such organizational issues.

The ideas of _______________ formed the basis for psychoanalysis, an important school of psychological thought.

Sigmund Freud's ideas evolved into a method of psychotherapy that came to be known as psychoanalysis.

Early psychologists who emphasized how behavior helps an organism adapt to its environment were known as structuralists.

_______________ psychology spurred the growth of research on topics that had long been ignored in psychology, including motherhood, rape, domestic violence, gender roles, and sexist attitudes.

Clinical psychologists and psychiatrists do similar work, but their training differs and they tend to focus on different causes of mental disorders. Contrast the training and approach to therapy between clinical psychologists and psychiatrists.

A major point of difference between basic research and applied research is that:

In almost all states, a _______________ is required to obtain a license to practice clinical psychology.

Randy meets a Californian who grows his own vegetables and refuses to eat nonorganic food. Randy concludes that Californians are overzealous about nutrition. This type of error illustrates the importance of which critical thinking guideline?

Can you match the specialties on the left with their defining credentials and approaches on the right? 1. psychotherapist 2. psychiatrist 3. clinical psychologist 4. research psychologist 5. psychoanalyst a. trained in a therapeutic approach started by Freud b. has a PhD, PsyD, or EdD, and does research on, or psychotherapy for, mental health problems c. may have any credential, or none d. has an advanced degree (usually a PhD) and does applied or basic research e. has an MD; tends to take a medical approach to mental health problems

Observing violent role models can influence some children to behave aggressively themselves. Which of the following psychological perspectives is this an example of?

Structuralism was an early psychological approach that emphasized the analysis of an immediate experience into basic elements.

Theorizing that anxiety can be caused by a chemical imbalance in the body is consistent with the biological perspective.

Real psychology differs from popular psychology in that it is based on the opinions of learned scientists.