Question 1

The brain uses concepts to classify things into categories based on their:

Accepted Answer

A) relative importance. 
B) shared similarities. 
C) biological utility. 
D) linguistic meaning. 
A) relative importance. 
B) shared similarities. 
C) biological utility. 
D) linguistic meaning.

Question 2

Which statement about the mechanisms underlying categorization is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Exemplar-based learning involves the prefrontal cortex. 
B) The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly active in recognizing exemplars. 
C) The visual cortex is involved in forming prototypes. 
D) Exemplar-based learning involves analysis and decision making. 
A) Exemplar-based learning involves the prefrontal cortex. 
B) The left hemisphere of the brain is mainly active in recognizing exemplars. 
C) The visual cortex is involved in forming prototypes. 
D) Exemplar-based learning involves analysis and decision making.

Question 3

Parents spend little time teaching grammar to their children.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Noam Chomsky is an advocate of the nativist theory of language development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The case of Genie,a child who lived in virtual isolation for a decade,illustrates which important point about the nativist explanation of language development?

Accepted Answer

A) Language can develop at any stage of growth;the brain is malleable enough to acquire language throughout the life span. 
B) Genetic dysphasia results from impoverished environmental conditions. 
C) Language can be acquired only within a restricted period of development;after that period,gains in language skills are minimal. 
D) Despite isolation from other speakers,language development still occurs,but at a slower rate. 
A) Language can develop at any stage of growth;the brain is malleable enough to acquire language throughout the life span. 
B) Genetic dysphasia results from impoverished environmental conditions. 
C) Language can be acquired only within a restricted period of development;after that period,gains in language skills are minimal. 
D) Despite isolation from other speakers,language development still occurs,but at a slower rate.

Question 6

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) When you construct a sentence,you start with a simple structure and develop a deep structure. 
B) When you comprehend a sentence,you process the simple structure in order to extract the deep structure. 
C) Simple structure corresponds to semantics;deep structure corresponds to syntax. 
D) The deep structure of a sentence is more easily forgotten than the simple structure of a sentence. 
A) When you construct a sentence,you start with a simple structure and develop a deep structure. 
B) When you comprehend a sentence,you process the simple structure in order to extract the deep structure. 
C) Simple structure corresponds to semantics;deep structure corresponds to syntax. 
D) The deep structure of a sentence is more easily forgotten than the simple structure of a sentence.

Question 7

A researcher administers a survey on issues related to the Ontario health care system to a sample consisting of 60% medical doctors,30% economists,and 10% lawyers.One of those people surveyed was William,who is 50 years old,wears a shirt and tie,and is good with numbers.William is concerned that the expense of our current health care system will ultimately cause it to collapse.Which statement MOST likely describes William's occupation?

Accepted Answer

A) William is probably a doctor. 
B) William is probably a lawyer. 
C) William is probably an economist. 
D) It is equally likely that William is a doctor or an economist,but unlikely that he is a lawyer. 
A) William is probably a doctor. 
B) William is probably a lawyer. 
C) William is probably an economist. 
D) It is equally likely that William is a doctor or an economist,but unlikely that he is a lawyer.

Question 8

Metcalfe and Wiebe (1987)gave participants problems that required insightful solutions and problems that could be answered using incremental problem-solving techniques.While attempting to solve problems,they asked the participants to report,using a hot-cold scale,if they believed they were getting closer to the answer.Reports that they were getting "warm" predicted the ability to solve:

Accepted Answer

A) insight problems. 
B) noninsight problems. 
C) both insight and noninsight problems. 
D) neither insight nor noninsight problems. 
A) insight problems. 
B) noninsight problems. 
C) both insight and noninsight problems. 
D) neither insight nor noninsight problems.

Question 9

The word "and" is an example of a _____ morpheme.

Accepted Answer

A) content 
B) phonetic 
C) tangible 
D) function 
A) content 
B) phonetic 
C) tangible 
D) function

Question 10

Jeff is 33 years old,intelligent,and outgoing.In university,he majored in English and was very concerned with current political issues.Which statement MOST likely describes Jeff?

Accepted Answer

A) Jeff is a bank teller. 
B) Jeff is a bank teller and writes nonfiction stories. 
C) Jeff is a bank teller who writes nonfiction stories and does crossword puzzles. 
D) Jeff is a bank teller who writes nonfiction stories,does crossword puzzles,and is active in his local government. 
A) Jeff is a bank teller. 
B) Jeff is a bank teller and writes nonfiction stories. 
C) Jeff is a bank teller who writes nonfiction stories and does crossword puzzles. 
D) Jeff is a bank teller who writes nonfiction stories,does crossword puzzles,and is active in his local government.

Question 11

Tammy names her baby Evan because she really loves the name.A year later,Tammy comes home upset after picking Evan up from day care.When her husband inquires as to the problem,Tammy responds that there is another child at the day care center named Evan.The husband doesn't really see the problem,but Tammy elaborates that they might as well have named their baby Joe Smith because Evan is such a common name.Her husband does a quick Internet search and convinces Tammy that Evan isn't even included among the 20 most popular baby names for boys.Tammy appears to be the victim of the:

Accepted Answer

A) hindsight bias. 
B) conjunctive fallacy. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) availability bias. 
A) hindsight bias. 
B) conjunctive fallacy. 
C) representative heuristic. 
D) availability bias.

Question 12

Damage to the lower left temporal lobe of the brain may result in the inability to identify humans.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

If given the choice,which alternative will the rational person choose?

Accepted Answer

A) 90% opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50% opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40% opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10% opportunity to gain $4,000 
A) 90% opportunity to gain $100 
B) 50% opportunity to gain $1,000 
C) 40% opportunity to gain $2,000 
D) 10% opportunity to gain $4,000

Question 14

Toddlers usually learn nouns before they learn verbs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The reasons early studies on bilingualism were flawed do NOT include:

Accepted Answer

A) socioeconomic factors not being controlled. 
B) assessments being conducted primarily in English,the second language of the bilingual children. 
C) the assessments used lacking construct validity. 
D) parental mastery of English not being controlled. 
A) socioeconomic factors not being controlled. 
B) assessments being conducted primarily in English,the second language of the bilingual children. 
C) the assessments used lacking construct validity. 
D) parental mastery of English not being controlled.

Question 16

People's judgements about whether or not to accept conclusions often depend more on how believable the conclusions are than on the logical validity of the argument.This phenomenon is termed:

Accepted Answer

A) functional fixedness. 
B) availability bias. 
C) belief bias. 
D) belief irrationality. 
A) functional fixedness. 
B) availability bias. 
C) belief bias. 
D) belief irrationality.

Question 17

Theoretical reasoning is reasoning directed towards arriving at a belief.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Suppose that sports fans in Canada are given a list of names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics.After a few minutes of study,the fans are asked to estimate the percentage of medals won by Canada.The fans probably will _____ this number due to the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) overestimate;hindsight bias 
B) overestimate;availability bias 
C) underestimate;hindsight bias 
D) overestimate;category-specific deficit 
A) overestimate;hindsight bias 
B) overestimate;availability bias 
C) underestimate;hindsight bias 
D) overestimate;category-specific deficit

Question 19

Healthy participants and participants with prefrontal cortex damage played a gambling game in which they selected cards from one of four decks.Two of the decks were associated with large wins and large losses (riskier),and the other two decks were associated with small wins and small losses (safer).At the beginning of the game,all participants chose cards from the four decks equally.With extended play,the healthy participants chose more cards from the _____,whereas the participants with prefrontal cortex damage chose cards from _____.

Accepted Answer

A) safer decks;the riskier decks 
B) safer decks;both sets of decks equally 
C) riskier decks;the safer decks 
D) riskier decks;both sets of decks equally 
A) safer decks;the riskier decks 
B) safer decks;both sets of decks equally 
C) riskier decks;the safer decks 
D) riskier decks;both sets of decks equally

Question 20

According to prospect theory,when will people avoid risks?

Accepted Answer

A) always,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when base rates are ignored 
A) always,as it is a rational choice model 
B) when evaluating potential gains 
C) when evaluating potential losses 
D) when base rates are ignored

The brain uses concepts to classify things into categories based on their:

Which statement about the mechanisms underlying categorization is FALSE?

Parents spend little time teaching grammar to their children.

Noam Chomsky is an advocate of the nativist theory of language development.

The case of Genie,a child who lived in virtual isolation for a decade,illustrates which important point about the nativist explanation of language development?

Which statement is TRUE?

The word "and" is an example of a _____ morpheme.

Jeff is 33 years old,intelligent,and outgoing.In university,he majored in English and was very concerned with current political issues.Which statement MOST likely describes Jeff?

Damage to the lower left temporal lobe of the brain may result in the inability to identify humans.

If given the choice,which alternative will the rational person choose?

Toddlers usually learn nouns before they learn verbs.

The reasons early studies on bilingualism were flawed do NOT include:

People's judgements about whether or not to accept conclusions often depend more on how believable the conclusions are than on the logical validity of the argument.This phenomenon is termed:

Theoretical reasoning is reasoning directed towards arriving at a belief.

Suppose that sports fans in Canada are given a list of names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics.After a few minutes of study,the fans are asked to estimate the percentage of medals won by Canada.The fans probably will _ this number due to the _.

According to prospect theory,when will people avoid risks?

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

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Exam 9: Language and Thought

The brain uses concepts to classify things into categories based on their:

Which statement about the mechanisms underlying categorization is FALSE?

Parents spend little time teaching grammar to their children.

Noam Chomsky is an advocate of the nativist theory of language development.

The case of Genie,a child who lived in virtual isolation for a decade,illustrates which important point about the nativist explanation of language development?

Which statement is TRUE?

The word "and" is an example of a _____ morpheme.

Jeff is 33 years old,intelligent,and outgoing.In university,he majored in English and was very concerned with current political issues.Which statement MOST likely describes Jeff?

Damage to the lower left temporal lobe of the brain may result in the inability to identify humans.

If given the choice,which alternative will the rational person choose?

Toddlers usually learn nouns before they learn verbs.

The reasons early studies on bilingualism were flawed do NOT include:

People's judgements about whether or not to accept conclusions often depend more on how believable the conclusions are than on the logical validity of the argument.This phenomenon is termed:

Theoretical reasoning is reasoning directed towards arriving at a belief.

Suppose that sports fans in Canada are given a list of names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics.After a few minutes of study,the fans are asked to estimate the percentage of medals won by Canada.The fans probably will _____ this number due to the _____.

According to prospect theory,when will people avoid risks?

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

Filters

Suppose that sports fans in Canada are given a list of names of all the medal winners in the last Olympics.After a few minutes of study,the fans are asked to estimate the percentage of medals won by Canada.The fans probably will _ this number due to the _.