Question 1

Functional fixedness is a type of framing effect.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Deaf babies will not begin to babble until they are taught an alternative means of communication,such as American Sign Language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

People using the representative heuristic often ignore _____ when making decisions.

Accepted Answer

A) previous experience 
B) base rates 
C) prototypes 
D) exemplars 
A) previous experience 
B) base rates 
C) prototypes 
D) exemplars

Question 4

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colours,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _____ impairments in recognizing shades of colour,which is _____ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A) exhibit;consistent 
B) exhibit;inconsistent 
C) do not exhibit;consistent 
D) do not exhibit;inconsistent 
A) exhibit;consistent 
B) exhibit;inconsistent 
C) do not exhibit;consistent 
D) do not exhibit;inconsistent

Question 5

Infants begin to babble speech sounds between 1 and 3 months of age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Which grouping is a coherent series?

Accepted Answer

A) noise,foam,shade 
B) blank,white,lines 
C) army,sickness,pencil 
D) light,folk,tapestry 
A) noise,foam,shade 
B) blank,white,lines 
C) army,sickness,pencil 
D) light,folk,tapestry

Question 7

Which strategy is NOT used in means-ends analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) relying on heuristics 
B) solving the problem directly if possible 
C) generating subgoals and solving those 
D) finding a similar problem with a known solution 
A) relying on heuristics 
B) solving the problem directly if possible 
C) generating subgoals and solving those 
D) finding a similar problem with a known solution

Question 8

Claire spent $100 for a nonrefundable ticket to a play.Then she found out her granddaughter's first dance recital was that day.Claire really wanted to go to the recital,but she felt obligated to go to the play.Claire was displaying:

Accepted Answer

A) the representative heuristic. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) functional fixedness. 
D) family resemblance bias. 
A) the representative heuristic. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) functional fixedness. 
D) family resemblance bias.

Question 9

Research on language reveals that:

Accepted Answer

A) relatively few species have developed anything that could even be considered a form of social communication. 
B) language really only develops when a species has the ability to communicate vocally. 
C) most social species have systems of communication that allow them to transmit messages to one another. 
D) there are no commonalities between human language and signalling systems of other animals. 
A) relatively few species have developed anything that could even be considered a form of social communication. 
B) language really only develops when a species has the ability to communicate vocally. 
C) most social species have systems of communication that allow them to transmit messages to one another. 
D) there are no commonalities between human language and signalling systems of other animals.

Question 10

When people use the representative heuristic to judge the probability of an event,they tend to ignore information about the base-rate occurrence of the event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A collection of processes located in the human brain that facilitates language learning is called the:

Accepted Answer

A) language acquisition device. 
B) neural syntax mechanism. 
C) internal language generator. 
D) cortical phoneme library. 
A) language acquisition device. 
B) neural syntax mechanism. 
C) internal language generator. 
D) cortical phoneme library.

Question 12

Which statement about JB's performance on colour-meaning tasks is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A) JB could verbally name colours presented to him. 
B) JB could associate the name of a colour with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana). 
C) JB could not sort colour patches into piles of red,green,and blue. 
D) JB could not match a colour to the word of the colour. 
A) JB could verbally name colours presented to him. 
B) JB could associate the name of a colour with a name of an object (e.g. ,a yellow banana). 
C) JB could not sort colour patches into piles of red,green,and blue. 
D) JB could not match a colour to the word of the colour.

Question 13

Thad suffered a stroke that resulted in brain damage.Thad is overheard saying,"The rain came before my feelings.I think the funny TV is cold.But it needs help with the scissors." In addition,Thad has an extremely difficult time understanding others when they talk to him.Thad's symptoms are consistent with:

Accepted Answer

A) Broca's aphasia. 
B) Wernicke's aphasia. 
C) genetic dysphasia. 
D) a conjunction fallacy. 
A) Broca's aphasia. 
B) Wernicke's aphasia. 
C) genetic dysphasia. 
D) a conjunction fallacy.

Question 14

One assumption of prospect theory is called the certainty effect.This means that:

Accepted Answer

A) when making decisions,people give greater weight to outcomes that are a sure thing. 
B) people are certain that they want to avoid risk but are unsure that they want to maximize gains. 
C) when making decisions,people rely more on past outcomes than on future speculations. 
D) people are certain that they want to maximize gains but are unsure that they want to avoid risks. 
A) when making decisions,people give greater weight to outcomes that are a sure thing. 
B) people are certain that they want to avoid risk but are unsure that they want to maximize gains. 
C) when making decisions,people rely more on past outcomes than on future speculations. 
D) people are certain that they want to maximize gains but are unsure that they want to avoid risks.

Question 15

Research on preliterate cultures has determined that the appearance of competency on reasoning tests depends more on whether the task makes sense to participants than on their problem-solving ability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Early flawed studies on bilingualism indicated that it:

Accepted Answer

A) slowed cognitive development. 
B) had no effect on cognitive development. 
C) produced measurable enhancements in IQ scores,although these increases have since been shown to be unreliable. 
D) enhanced cognitive development but had deleterious effects on mastery of the first language. 
A) slowed cognitive development. 
B) had no effect on cognitive development. 
C) produced measurable enhancements in IQ scores,although these increases have since been shown to be unreliable. 
D) enhanced cognitive development but had deleterious effects on mastery of the first language.

Question 17

Use the following to answer questions :
Scenario I
The scenario is based on and presents results consistent with the following studies:
Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2007).Starting over: International adoption as a natural experiment in language development.Psychological Science,18(1),79-87.doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01852.x
Snedeker,J. ,Geren,J. ,& Shafto,C.L.(2012).Disentangling the effects of cognitive development and linguistic expertise: A longitudinal study of the acquisition of English in internationally-adopted children.Cognitive Psychology,65(1),39-76.doi:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2012.01.004
Language development occurs in orderly stages,beginning with one-word utterances and progressing to two-word utterances,simple sentences containing function morphemes,and the emergence of grammatical rules.Psycholinguists have attempted to determine if language development is a consequence of cognitive development or if it reflects linguistic processes that occur independently of general cognitive development.Studies on the acquisition of a second language in internationally adopted children have provided insight into this research question.In a series of studies,Snedeker and colleagues (2007,2012)studied the acquisition of the English language in adopted preschoolers from China.These children had no exposure to the English language before being adopted by families in the United States.
Figure 9.1  
-(Scenario I)Snedeker and colleagues (2007)studied the acquisition of English as a second language in preschool children adopted from China.In trying to disentangle the role of linguistic and cognitive development on language acquisition,which factor would serve as the MOST appropriate control group?

Accepted Answer

A) the acquisition of English by Chinese teens who previously had no exposure to the English language 
B) the acquisition of Mandarin by American-born preschoolers adopted into Chinese families 
C) the acquisition of Mandarin over the first 2 years of life in Chinese-born infants 
D) the acquisition of English as a first language in Chinese infants adopted into American families 
A) the acquisition of English by Chinese teens who previously had no exposure to the English language 
B) the acquisition of Mandarin by American-born preschoolers adopted into Chinese families 
C) the acquisition of Mandarin over the first 2 years of life in Chinese-born infants 
D) the acquisition of English as a first language in Chinese infants adopted into American families

Question 18

The telegraphic speech of a 2-year-old child usually is not grammatical.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Between the ages of 1 and 5 years,the average child learns about _____ new words every day.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 or 2 
B) 3 or 4 
C) 6 or 7 
D) 10 or 12 
A) 1 or 2 
B) 3 or 4 
C) 6 or 7 
D) 10 or 12

Question 20

Babies are born with the ability to recognize and distinguish:

Accepted Answer

A) only the phonemes of the language their parents speak. 
B) all phonemes. 
C) all morphemes. 
D) only the phonemes of languages similar to their native language. 
A) only the phonemes of the language their parents speak. 
B) all phonemes. 
C) all morphemes. 
D) only the phonemes of languages similar to their native language.

Functional fixedness is a type of framing effect.

Deaf babies will not begin to babble until they are taught an alternative means of communication,such as American Sign Language.

People using the representative heuristic often ignore _____ when making decisions.

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colours,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _ impairments in recognizing shades of colour,which is _ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Infants begin to babble speech sounds between 1 and 3 months of age.

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Which grouping is a coherent series?

Which strategy is NOT used in means-ends analysis?

Claire spent $100 for a nonrefundable ticket to a play.Then she found out her granddaughter's first dance recital was that day.Claire really wanted to go to the recital,but she felt obligated to go to the play.Claire was displaying:

Research on language reveals that:

When people use the representative heuristic to judge the probability of an event,they tend to ignore information about the base-rate occurrence of the event.

A collection of processes located in the human brain that facilitates language learning is called the:

Which statement about JB's performance on colour-meaning tasks is TRUE?

One assumption of prospect theory is called the certainty effect.This means that:

Research on preliterate cultures has determined that the appearance of competency on reasoning tests depends more on whether the task makes sense to participants than on their problem-solving ability.

Early flawed studies on bilingualism indicated that it:

The telegraphic speech of a 2-year-old child usually is not grammatical.

Between the ages of 1 and 5 years,the average child learns about _____ new words every day.

Babies are born with the ability to recognize and distinguish:

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

Filters

Exam 9: Language and Thought

Functional fixedness is a type of framing effect.

Deaf babies will not begin to babble until they are taught an alternative means of communication,such as American Sign Language.

People using the representative heuristic often ignore _____ when making decisions.

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colours,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _____ impairments in recognizing shades of colour,which is _____ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.

Infants begin to babble speech sounds between 1 and 3 months of age.

In a study by Bowers and colleagues (1990),participants were shown three words and were asked to generate a fourth word consistent with the series.Which grouping is a coherent series?

Which strategy is NOT used in means-ends analysis?

Claire spent $100 for a nonrefundable ticket to a play.Then she found out her granddaughter's first dance recital was that day.Claire really wanted to go to the recital,but she felt obligated to go to the play.Claire was displaying:

Research on language reveals that:

When people use the representative heuristic to judge the probability of an event,they tend to ignore information about the base-rate occurrence of the event.

A collection of processes located in the human brain that facilitates language learning is called the:

Which statement about JB's performance on colour-meaning tasks is TRUE?

One assumption of prospect theory is called the certainty effect.This means that:

Research on preliterate cultures has determined that the appearance of competency on reasoning tests depends more on whether the task makes sense to participants than on their problem-solving ability.

Early flawed studies on bilingualism indicated that it:

The telegraphic speech of a 2-year-old child usually is not grammatical.

Between the ages of 1 and 5 years,the average child learns about _____ new words every day.

Babies are born with the ability to recognize and distinguish:

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

Filters

The Dani,an isolated tribe living in New Guinea,have only two words for colours,roughly corresponding to "light" and "dark." The Dani _ impairments in recognizing shades of colour,which is _ with the linguistic relativity hypothesis.