Exam 9: Language and Thought

The average 1-year-old has a vocabulary of 10 words.

Which statement about a child's ability to distinguish speech sounds is TRUE?

The conjunction fallacy involves making a probability judgement by comparing an object or event to a prototype of the object or event.

Speeding in the town of Chanceville traditionally results in a $300 fine.The judge at the traffic court,however,decides to change the policy.People found guilty of speeding have the choice of paying the $300 fine or spinning a wheel.There is an 80% chance that the needle on the wheel will land on a $400 fine and a 20% chance that the needle will land on "No Fine." The city leaders of Chanceville probably will _____ this new policy because _____.

People are more likely to buy a product if they are told that it works 70% of the time than if they are told it fails to work 30% of the time.

The goal of a means-ends approach to problem solving is to modify the goal state until it is as similar as possible to the current state.

Which statement constitutes a research finding that supports the argument that insights do not occur in a sudden,all-or-nothing manner,but instead reflect incremental unconscious processes?

Algorithms are mental shortcuts that sometimes lead to incorrect decisions.

Bilingual individuals tend to have a later onset of _____ than do monolingual individuals.

_____ reasoning is reasoning with the aim of arriving at a belief.

By best estimates,written human language emerged _____ years ago.

Which expression is a phoneme?

People with damage to their prefrontal cortex perform most similarly to _____ on gambling tasks.

Given that Michael is 6 feet 4 inches tall and can dunk a basketball,it is more likely that Michael is an NBA basketball player than he is a Walmart employee.

By best estimates,spoken human language emerged _____ years ago.

Two problems are said to be analogous when they:

Prospect theory assumes that people are:

A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of language.

"A system for communicating with others using signals that convey meaning and are combined according to rules of grammar" is the definition of:

Both prototypes and exemplars are used when forming categories and concepts.