Question 1

A sentence has _____ based on meaning and _____ based on the wording of the sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) surface structure;grammar 
B) surface structure;deep structure 
C) deep structure;surface structure 
D) grammar;deep structure 
A) surface structure;grammar 
B) surface structure;deep structure 
C) deep structure;surface structure 
D) grammar;deep structure

Question 2

Paul is deep in credit card debt.His goal state is to be debt-free,but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment.According to a means-ends analysis,Paul should:

Accepted Answer

A) revise his goal state such that it is more realistic with his current situation. 
B) acquire the money by any means necessary;the ends justify the means. 
C) use cognitive reappraisal techniques to change the way he feels about being in debt. 
D) take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal. 
A) revise his goal state such that it is more realistic with his current situation. 
B) acquire the money by any means necessary;the ends justify the means. 
C) use cognitive reappraisal techniques to change the way he feels about being in debt. 
D) take small steps to move from his current situation to one that is closer to his end goal.

Question 3

The rational choice theory of decision making predicts that our judgements will vary depending on:

Accepted Answer

A) the value we assign to possible outcomes of our decisions. 
B) frequency but not probability. 
C) our history of successfully attaining other goals based on our decisions. 
D) the likelihood that someone else will pursue the same decision goals as us. 
A) the value we assign to possible outcomes of our decisions. 
B) frequency but not probability. 
C) our history of successfully attaining other goals based on our decisions. 
D) the likelihood that someone else will pursue the same decision goals as us.

Question 4

The behaviourist approach to language development suggests that _____ plays a key role in learning words and grammar,whereas nativists claim that language is _____ predetermined.

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement;biologically 
B) punishment;culturally 
C) reinforcement;culturally 
D) genetics;biologically 
A) reinforcement;biologically 
B) punishment;culturally 
C) reinforcement;culturally 
D) genetics;biologically

Question 5

A sufficient condition for being a United States citizen is:

Accepted Answer

A) knowledge of the Constitution. 
B) pledging allegiance to the United States. 
C) paying taxes in the United States. 
D) being born in the United States. 
A) knowledge of the Constitution. 
B) pledging allegiance to the United States. 
C) paying taxes in the United States. 
D) being born in the United States.

Question 6

Genetic dysphasia is a condition in which people with genetically based low intelligence cannot learn the basic grammatical structure of language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The view that we learn language through principles of operant conditioning was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

A) 
B) F.Skinner. 
B) Noam Chomsky. 
C) Carl Wernicke. 
D) Paul Broca. 
A) 
B) F.Skinner. 
B) Noam Chomsky. 
C) Carl Wernicke. 
D) Paul Broca.

Question 8

Which statement does NOT distinguish human language from the signalling systems of other species?

Accepted Answer

A) Humans can use language to transmit information to others,whereas animals cannot. 
B) Human language has a far more complex structure than other signalling systems. 
C) Humans,but not other species,can reference intangible items such as concepts. 
D) Human language can be used to describe or categorize things to the thinker using the language. 
A) Humans can use language to transmit information to others,whereas animals cannot. 
B) Human language has a far more complex structure than other signalling systems. 
C) Humans,but not other species,can reference intangible items such as concepts. 
D) Human language can be used to describe or categorize things to the thinker using the language.

Question 9

During concept formation,the right hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex is involved in:

Accepted Answer

A) visual processing. 
B) forming prototypes. 
C) forming exemplars. 
D) holistic concept formation. 
A) visual processing. 
B) forming prototypes. 
C) forming exemplars. 
D) holistic concept formation.

Question 10

On average,patients with prefrontal cortex damage will experience more anxiety when anticipating a risky choice than will non-brain-damaged individuals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A president is managing a war that is not going well.Nevertheless,he refuses to withdraw troops,arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war.The president's line of reasoning illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) base-rate ignorance. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) the conjunction fallacy. 
D) the principle of diminishing returns. 
A) base-rate ignorance. 
B) the sunk-cost fallacy. 
C) the conjunction fallacy. 
D) the principle of diminishing returns.

Question 12

A prototype possesses most,if not all,of the most characteristic features of the category.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Means-ends analysis was first described by Friedrich Gauss.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The "30 million word gap" refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) anthropological evidence that language use has exploded over the last 6,000 years. 
B) language expansion that occurs between the ages of 1 and 5 not accounted for by behaviourist theory. 
C) differences in language exposure between children from low and high socioeconomic status. 
D) differences in language exposure between American and Asian children. 
A) anthropological evidence that language use has exploded over the last 6,000 years. 
B) language expansion that occurs between the ages of 1 and 5 not accounted for by behaviourist theory. 
C) differences in language exposure between children from low and high socioeconomic status. 
D) differences in language exposure between American and Asian children.

Question 15

Damage to Wernicke's area results in:

Accepted Answer

A) failure to produce grammatical speech. 
B) great difficulty in understanding language. 
C) genetic dysphasia. 
D) great difficulty in identifying non-language sounds. 
A) failure to produce grammatical speech. 
B) great difficulty in understanding language. 
C) genetic dysphasia. 
D) great difficulty in identifying non-language sounds.

Question 16

Semantics refer to the _____ structure of a sentence.

Accepted Answer

A) syntactical 
B) phonetic 
C) morphological 
D) deep 
A) syntactical 
B) phonetic 
C) morphological 
D) deep

Question 17

Jody has a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.Her speech recently has begun to include full sentences,questions,negations,and function words.About how old is Jody likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 years old 
B) 5 years old 
C) 7 years old 
D) 10 years old 
A) 2 years old 
B) 5 years old 
C) 7 years old 
D) 10 years old

Question 18

Broca's area is located in the _____ cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) left frontal 
B) right frontal 
C) left temporal 
D) right temporal 
A) left frontal 
B) right frontal 
C) left temporal 
D) right temporal

Question 19

Which statement is TRUE of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in language capabilities?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains Broca's and Wernicke's areas and is critically involved in both the production and understanding of language. 
B) Divided visual field techniques reveal that it plays an extremely limited role in language comprehension. 
C) It plays a supportive role in speech production but not language comprehension. 
D) It plays a supportive role in language comprehension and can assume greater functions with injury to the left hemisphere. 
A) It contains Broca's and Wernicke's areas and is critically involved in both the production and understanding of language. 
B) Divided visual field techniques reveal that it plays an extremely limited role in language comprehension. 
C) It plays a supportive role in speech production but not language comprehension. 
D) It plays a supportive role in language comprehension and can assume greater functions with injury to the left hemisphere.

Question 20

Learning a second language during childhood broadly impairs cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

A sentence has _ based on meaning and _ based on the wording of the sentence.

Paul is deep in credit card debt.His goal state is to be debt-free,but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment.According to a means-ends analysis,Paul should:

The rational choice theory of decision making predicts that our judgements will vary depending on:

The behaviourist approach to language development suggests that _ plays a key role in learning words and grammar,whereas nativists claim that language is _ predetermined.

A sufficient condition for being a United States citizen is:

Genetic dysphasia is a condition in which people with genetically based low intelligence cannot learn the basic grammatical structure of language.

The view that we learn language through principles of operant conditioning was proposed by:

Which statement does NOT distinguish human language from the signalling systems of other species?

During concept formation,the right hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex is involved in:

On average,patients with prefrontal cortex damage will experience more anxiety when anticipating a risky choice than will non-brain-damaged individuals.

A president is managing a war that is not going well.Nevertheless,he refuses to withdraw troops,arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war.The president's line of reasoning illustrates:

A prototype possesses most,if not all,of the most characteristic features of the category.

Means-ends analysis was first described by Friedrich Gauss.

The "30 million word gap" refers to:

Damage to Wernicke's area results in:

Semantics refer to the _____ structure of a sentence.

Jody has a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.Her speech recently has begun to include full sentences,questions,negations,and function words.About how old is Jody likely to be?

Broca's area is located in the _____ cortex.

Which statement is TRUE of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in language capabilities?

Learning a second language during childhood broadly impairs cognitive development.

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

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Exam 9: Language and Thought

A sentence has _____ based on meaning and _____ based on the wording of the sentence.

Paul is deep in credit card debt.His goal state is to be debt-free,but he doesn't have nearly enough money to pay off his debt at the moment.According to a means-ends analysis,Paul should:

The rational choice theory of decision making predicts that our judgements will vary depending on:

The behaviourist approach to language development suggests that _____ plays a key role in learning words and grammar,whereas nativists claim that language is _____ predetermined.

A sufficient condition for being a United States citizen is:

Genetic dysphasia is a condition in which people with genetically based low intelligence cannot learn the basic grammatical structure of language.

The view that we learn language through principles of operant conditioning was proposed by:

Which statement does NOT distinguish human language from the signalling systems of other species?

During concept formation,the right hemisphere of the prefrontal cortex is involved in:

On average,patients with prefrontal cortex damage will experience more anxiety when anticipating a risky choice than will non-brain-damaged individuals.

A president is managing a war that is not going well.Nevertheless,he refuses to withdraw troops,arguing that doing so would waste the billions of dollars spent and thousands of lives lost fighting the war.The president's line of reasoning illustrates:

A prototype possesses most,if not all,of the most characteristic features of the category.

Means-ends analysis was first described by Friedrich Gauss.

The "30 million word gap" refers to:

Damage to Wernicke's area results in:

Semantics refer to the _____ structure of a sentence.

Jody has a vocabulary of about 10,000 words.Her speech recently has begun to include full sentences,questions,negations,and function words.About how old is Jody likely to be?

Broca's area is located in the _____ cortex.

Which statement is TRUE of the role of the right cerebral hemisphere in language capabilities?

Learning a second language during childhood broadly impairs cognitive development.

Psychology: Evolution of a Science

Methods in Psychology

Neuroscience and Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Consciousness

Memory

Learning

Emotion and Motivation

Intelligence

Development

Personality

Social Psychology

Stress and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Integrative Questions

Filters

A sentence has _ based on meaning and _ based on the wording of the sentence.

The behaviourist approach to language development suggests that _ plays a key role in learning words and grammar,whereas nativists claim that language is _ predetermined.