Exam 9: Language and Thinking

Which of the following was NOT one of the major components of wisdom proposed by Baltes and colleagues?

People's mistaken judgments in the "Linda the feminist bank teller" problem were interpreted as being due to the ________________ heuristic.

Identify the deep structure in the statement,"That's like finding a needle in a haystack."

A researcher asks a four-year-old how to make cookies.The child answers: "You mix the sugar and butter and flour,you put them in the oven,then you eat them!" This four-year-old shows evidence of a rudimentary _________ for baking cookies.

Noam Chomsky proposed that humans are born with a ____________,which is an innate biological mechanism that contains the general grammatical rules common in all languages.

Consider the statement,"Last night,I shot an elephant in my pajamas." Since this sentence has at least two different interpretations (the pajamas could be worn by the person shooting the elephant OR they could be worn by the elephant),this means that this sentence has:

A classic problem called,"The Crow and the Trains" requires you to determine the total distance a crow would fly while flying back and forth between two converging trains.If you initially conceptualized it as a distance problem,it was very difficult to solve but if instead you framed the problem in terms of ________,it was relatively easy to arrive at the solution.

Before they ran any actual experiments,Darley and Latané based the development of their theory of diffusion of responsibility on the highly publicized murder of Kitty Genovese and a few other similar instances.This would represent an instance where science is utilizing __________ reasoning.

On a recent vacation to Toronto,Kent and Linda decided not to go up to the observation deck at the top of the CN Tower (one of the tallest structures in the world)because they quickly remembered the events of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre Towers in New York.Kent and Linda's decision best demonstrates an example of:

According to Tversky and Kahneman,the errors in logic that occurred in response to the "Linda the feminist bank teller" problem (where participants think it is more likely that Linda is a feminist bank teller than simply a bank teller)are due to the fact that they confused:

The phenomenon of _____________ refers to people's tendency to be blinded to potentially new uses of an object because of their rigid perceptions of the object's normal functions.

If you identify differences between the present situation and the desired goal state and then make changes to reduce these differences,it is indicative of using ____________ to solve a problem.

In Theide and Anderson's study on metacomprehension in undergraduates,what was the relationship between metacomprehension and performance for students writing summaries and the control group?

When we reason from general principles to a conclusion about a specific case,we are engaging in:

It is assumed that problem-solving schemas facilitate the performance of experts by allowing them to solve problems in working memory.

The fact that language-deprived children are generally unable to acquire normal language skills when they are found past puberty was presented as evidence of:

Which of the following questions would an individual typically be able to answer the quickest?

Your awareness and understanding of your own cognitive abilities is known as:

Individuals suffering from visual neglect also demonstrate disruptions in their mental imagery.

Evolutionary theorists suggest that language evolved to help individuals: