Exam 9: Language and Thinking

The finding that how information is structured and presented can influence the types of judgments individuals make illustrates the importance of _______ on reasoning.

Which of the following is NOT a cue used in speech segmentation?

Stan and Samantha are the proud parents of three little girls.They decide to have one more child because it seems like they are due to have a boy.Stan and Samantha think that most families have both boys and girls therefore they figure the probability the next child will be a boy is high.Stan and Samantha:

What problem-solving pitfall was demonstrated by Luchins' water jars in which the tendency to stick to solutions that have worked in the past results in less effective problem-solving?

The fact that between 6 to 12 months of age,young children begin to differentiate the sounds of phonemes of their native language and lose the ability to differentiate the sounds of other phonemes that they were previously able to make,is best considered as an example of how:

A(n)__________ is a mental framework about some aspect of the world.A specific example of this type of framework for how sequence of events typically unfolds is known as a(n)____________.

Infants learn to discriminate more and more phonemes as they get older.

Many concepts are defined by propositions,which are considered to be the most familiar or representative members of a class or group.

Our tendency to want to prove ideas and beliefs that we already hold instead of trying to disprove them is called the _____________ bias.

For a given field,experts differ from novices in that:

Being able to 'think outside the box' is to engage in _________ thinking.

A two-year old who is uttering two-word sentences consisting of a noun and a verb is using ___________________.

Your ability to comprehend what your friend is saying even if loud noises obscure some of what she says would be an example of using bottom-up processing for language comprehension.

____________ structure refers to the ways that symbols in a language are combined.The specific rules for combining these symbols are called __________.

According to the text,the first stage in the problem-solving process is ______________.

One of the arguments for the biological basis of language is that despite their differences at the phonemic level,all languages seem to have a common underlying ___________.

Which of the following obstacles to reasoning and problem-solving does NOT involve the influence of our personal opinion?

Animal researchers noticed that when Nim Chimpsky combined the symbols he'd been taught into longer sequences,he was either copying his trainer's previous signs or "running on" until he got what he wanted.They took this as evidence that ___________ the assumption that Nim was using real language.

A representation of a stimulus that originates inside your brain rather than from external sensory input is known as:

Using phonemes to build morphemes to create words reflects what type of approach to understanding language?