Exam 8: Memory

Imagine that you have studied for an exam in a noisy environment and your state of physiological arousal has been low while you were studying.If on the day of the exam you were given the test in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal was high (due to test anxiety),the concept of state-dependent memory would predict that your recall would be poor and the concept of context-dependent memory would predict that your recall would __________.

When memory loss occurs for events that happened prior to the onset of the amnesia,this is called ___________ amnesia.

The capacity of short-term memory is approximately between ________ and ________ meaningful items.

Expert knowledge is most closely related to the idea of:

You want to work on an essay that you have saved on the hard drive of your computer.You search through the hierarchically organized folders on your computer until you find and open the document you want.It appears on the screen of your monitor.Relative to the information-processing system metaphor of human memory,this example is most similar to:

It is usually thought that schemas influence the encoding process by:

Your memory for what happened to you on a childhood trip to Disneyland would best be considered an example of:

Betsy went to a restaurant last night with some other first year students from her dorm.Although Betsy had never been to this particular restaurant,she knew exactly how to be seated,order,eat,and pay the bill.In her long-term memory,Betsy had a(n)__________ for restaurants.

If you have a great deal of information to study prior to a test,your recall for the information will be better if you use ___________ practice rather than massed practice.

If you go to a movie,you know that the movie isn't going to start as long as the lights are on.Once the movie starts,you also know that it is considered impolite to talk during the movie and that if you need to leave,it is best to try not to disturb others.This collection of thoughts is best considered to be an example of:

If you were asked right now to list the two different types of declarative memory,this would be an example of what is called a:

Sheryl is able to rehearse her lines in the school play while riding her bicycle to school in the morning.Both of these tasks require processing,but in the case of her lines,the processing is:

George Sperling briefly presented people with arrays of 12 letters (3 rows of 4 letters each)and asked them to immediately recall what they had seen.Under these conditions,people typically recalled:

With respect to memory recall,the recency effect occurs because the words at the end of the list:

A recall test is generally considered to be easier than a recognition test.

Craik and Lockhart proposed the notion that the more deeply we process information,the better it will be remembered.This is the __________ concept.

Semantic memory and episodic memory are two subcategories of __________ memory.

Suppose that you are shown a list that includes the words "plate," "tree," and "glass." Several months later,you are shown many short word stems such as "PL ___," "TR ____ " and "GL ____." Even though you have essentially forgotten about the first list you saw,you are more likely to complete the word stems with "PLate," "TRee," and "GLass" than other people who were not shown the initial list.These types of memory tests are used to measure memory and they are called __________.

Forgetting occurs because physical memory traces are thought to fade away with time and disuse.This is referred to as ______________.

The idea that a concept in memory is represented by a particular set of nodes and is retrieved when the nodes in that set are activated in parallel belongs to the proposition of memory known as: