Exam 3: The Core Elements of Social Cognition

In one set of studies related to the somatic marker hypothesis, participants are asked to choose draws from high- and low-risk decks. Eventually, most participants without brain injury learn to stop drawing from a risky deck. What else is found in these studies?

Discuss in detail an example, either from your own experience or hypothetically, of a politician or advertiser using a metaphor in order to persuade someone to accept a particular understanding of an abstract concept. Why are metaphors effective? What are the potential dangers of metaphoric cognition being used in this type of way?

A theory which explains phenomena by positing two ways of processing information is referred to as a _____ theory.

If a person encounters a clown in the street, this will likely increase the _____ of her schema for being happy.

Which of the following statements is an implication of the research on the role of metaphor in social cognition?

Semantic associations are:

Which task might be used to examine the speed with which people are able to associate pleasant and positive words with examples of members of a stigmatized group?

In a classic study by Allport and Postman (1947), participants were shown an image of a White man on a street car brandishing a razor at a Black man. Then the scene was described by one participant to another and so on until it had been described seven times. What were the findings of the study?

In a classic study with trained therapists, all the therapists were shown the same video of a man being interviewed. However, half the therapists were told that the man was a mental patient, while half were told he was a job applicant. What were the findings of the study?

In a classic study by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), teachers were told that a randomly selected group of children in their classes were "late bloomers" on the verge of an "intellectual growth spurt." What were the findings of the study when the abilities of all the children in these classes were evaluated two years later?

List three of the five ways in which the unconscious is "smart," and provide an example from research or theory to illustrate each.

What is an example of research demonstrating the need for nonspecific closure? What is an example of a research finding demonstrating the effects of the need for specific closure?

Which of the following needs is NOT emphasized by lay epistemology theory?

In which of the following situations is a person most likely to revise a preexisting schema?

Implicit attitudes are more related to the _____, while explicit attitudes are more related to the _____.

Although she rarely ever thinks about Halloween, whenever Kalina bites into a Braeburn apple, she thinks about this holiday. For Kalina, Braeburn apples and Halloween are:

Research suggests that the more a person has invested _____ into an object of judgment, the more his or her _____ will influence his or her judgment.

The idea that people experience certain bodily changes as emotions, and they come to associate those changes with positive or negative contexts, is referred to as:

The need for nonspecific closure refers to people's motive to reach _____, while the need for specific closure refers to people's motive to reach _____.

Heuristics are defined as: