Question 1

_____ is an individual difference in people's desire and ability to adjust their self-presentations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-affirmation 
B)  Self-monitoring 
C)  Self-complexity 
D)  Symbolic self-completion 
A)  Self-affirmation 
B)  Self-monitoring 
C)  Self-complexity 
D)  Symbolic self-completion B

Question 2

Being reminded of extrinsic sources of self-esteem has led to all of the following effects except _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increased downward social comparisons 
B)  self-handicapping 
C)  conformity 
D)  commitment to personally valued goals 
A)  increased downward social comparisons 
B)  self-handicapping 
C)  conformity 
D)  commitment to personally valued goals D

Question 3

Which of the following possibilities is NOT a primary way to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  trivialize the inconsistent cognitions 
B)  change one of the inconsistent cognitions 
C)  reflect deeply on the inconsistency between the two cognitions 
D)  add a third cognition that makes the original cognitions seem less inconsistent 
A)  trivialize the inconsistent cognitions 
B)  change one of the inconsistent cognitions 
C)  reflect deeply on the inconsistency between the two cognitions 
D)  add a third cognition that makes the original cognitions seem less inconsistent C

Question 4

When a person's skills and the challenges set by a situation match, which of the following states will occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  anxiety 
B)  boredom 
C)  flow 
D)  self-awareness 
A)  anxiety 
B)  boredom 
C)  flow 
D)  self-awareness

Question 5

In social psychological research, self-verification refers primarily to:

Accepted Answer

A)  trying multiple different self-concepts across the lifespan. 
B)  seeking out others who support the way one views oneself. 
C)  storing autobiographical information about the self. 
D)  focusing more on the needs of the self than the needs of others. 
A)  trying multiple different self-concepts across the lifespan. 
B)  seeking out others who support the way one views oneself. 
C)  storing autobiographical information about the self. 
D)  focusing more on the needs of the self than the needs of others.

Question 6

In one study, participants received personality feedback before watching either a disturbingly graphic video or a video with neutral content. What were the findings of the study?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who received neutral feedback were not differentially affected by the videos. 
B)  Those who received positive, esteem-enhancing feedback were not differentially affected by the videos. 
C)  Those who received neutral feedback expressed greater liking for the graphic video. 
D)  Those who received positive, esteem-enhancing feedback were more disturbed by the graphic video. 
A)  Those who received neutral feedback were not differentially affected by the videos. 
B)  Those who received positive, esteem-enhancing feedback were not differentially affected by the videos. 
C)  Those who received neutral feedback expressed greater liking for the graphic video. 
D)  Those who received positive, esteem-enhancing feedback were more disturbed by the graphic video.

Question 7

Describe the dramaturgical perspective. What is the difference between a sincere and a cynical performance?

Accepted Answer

Using the theater as a metaphor, the dra

Question 8

State self-esteem refers specifically to _____, while trait self-esteem refers specifically to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a feeling about the self that can temporarily increase or decrease in positivity in response to changing circumstances; a general attitude toward the self, ranging from very positive to very negative 
B)  a general attitude toward the self, ranging from very positive to very negative; a feeling about the self that can temporarily increase or decrease in positivity in response to changing circumstances 
C)  an explicit attitude towards the self; an implicit attitude towards the self 
D)  an implicit attitude towards the self; an explicit attitude towards the self 
A)  a feeling about the self that can temporarily increase or decrease in positivity in response to changing circumstances; a general attitude toward the self, ranging from very positive to very negative 
B)  a general attitude toward the self, ranging from very positive to very negative; a feeling about the self that can temporarily increase or decrease in positivity in response to changing circumstances 
C)  an explicit attitude towards the self; an implicit attitude towards the self 
D)  an implicit attitude towards the self; an explicit attitude towards the self

Question 9

A person is most likely to exaggerate the differences between two alternatives when they have been forced to choose between:

Accepted Answer

A)  two relatively undesirable alternatives. 
B)  two equally desirable alternatives. 
C)  their most desired and least desired alternatives . 
D)  an alternative they already possess, and one they do not yet possess. 
A)  two relatively undesirable alternatives. 
B)  two equally desirable alternatives. 
C)  their most desired and least desired alternatives . 
D)  an alternative they already possess, and one they do not yet possess.

Question 10

Research suggests that feeling ostracized in a game of cyberball increases activation in which brain region?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amygdala 
B)  the brain stem 
C)  the ventromedial prefrontal cortex 
D)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
A)  the amygdala 
B)  the brain stem 
C)  the ventromedial prefrontal cortex 
D)  the anterior cingulate cortex

Question 11

The extent to which a person believes that either internal or external factors determine their outcomes is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control 
B)  illusion of transparency 
C)  self-evaluation maintenance 
D)  self-concept clarity 
A)  locus of control 
B)  illusion of transparency 
C)  self-evaluation maintenance 
D)  self-concept clarity

Question 12

Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate implication from the existing research literature on self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both unstable self-esteem and low self-esteem contribute significantly to psychological difficulties. 
B)  The way in which people pursue self-esteem is dependent on their cultural worldview. 
C)  It is relatively easy to increase a person's overall level of self-esteem. 
D)  Striving for self-esteem can sometimes have destructive consequences. 
A)  Both unstable self-esteem and low self-esteem contribute significantly to psychological difficulties. 
B)  The way in which people pursue self-esteem is dependent on their cultural worldview. 
C)  It is relatively easy to increase a person's overall level of self-esteem. 
D)  Striving for self-esteem can sometimes have destructive consequences.

Question 13

A sense of personal value based on enduring inner qualities is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  self-compassion 
B)  self-concept clarity 
C)  intrinsic self-esteem 
D)  extrinsic self-esteem 
A)  self-compassion 
B)  self-concept clarity 
C)  intrinsic self-esteem 
D)  extrinsic self-esteem

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a basic need posited by self-determination theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  relatedness 
B)  competence 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  autonomy 
A)  relatedness 
B)  competence 
C)  self-evaluation 
D)  autonomy

Question 15

Which of the following examples involves someone using the strategy of trivialization to reduce dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)  A smoker keeps smoking after telling herself that without smoking, she would gain weight. 
B)  A person who litters without taking the time to find a trash can decides that lots of people litter in that area, so it's not a big deal. 
C)  An animal rights activist decides to become a vegetarian. 
D)  A member of a conservative Christian denomination who realizes she is homosexual searches through the Bible for passages suggesting approval of homosexuality. 
A)  A smoker keeps smoking after telling herself that without smoking, she would gain weight. 
B)  A person who litters without taking the time to find a trash can decides that lots of people litter in that area, so it's not a big deal. 
C)  An animal rights activist decides to become a vegetarian. 
D)  A member of a conservative Christian denomination who realizes she is homosexual searches through the Bible for passages suggesting approval of homosexuality.

Question 16

What does self-presentation research suggest is the best way to convince others that one is competent and sincere?

Accepted Answer

A)  By engaging in brazen self-promotion. 
B)  By being low in self-monitoring tendencies. 
C)  By not only self-promoting, but also by presenting a few personal weaknesses, disagreements, and flattering others. 
D)  By telling others that one is inferior. 
A)  By engaging in brazen self-promotion. 
B)  By being low in self-monitoring tendencies. 
C)  By not only self-promoting, but also by presenting a few personal weaknesses, disagreements, and flattering others. 
D)  By telling others that one is inferior.

Question 17

Yamir attends sociology class because he would feel guilty if he didn't attend. However, he doesn't really feel like sociology connects to his sense of what he wants to do with his life. Yamir attends the class for reasons of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation 
B)  extrinsic motivation 
C)  self-presentation 
D)  symbolic self-completion 
A)  intrinsic motivation 
B)  extrinsic motivation 
C)  self-presentation 
D)  symbolic self-completion

Question 18

Using the least possible amount of external justification required to prevent undesirable behavior is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  minimal deterrence 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  induced compliance 
D)  initiation severity 
A)  minimal deterrence 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  induced compliance 
D)  initiation severity

Question 19

Self-esteem is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the individual's level of life satisfaction. 
B)  the extent to which the person has a stable, coherent self-concept. 
C)  the level of positive feeling one has about oneself. 
D)  the extent to which one likes oneself. 
A)  the individual's level of life satisfaction. 
B)  the extent to which the person has a stable, coherent self-concept. 
C)  the level of positive feeling one has about oneself. 
D)  the extent to which one likes oneself.

Question 20

When people experience an event as a challenge:

Accepted Answer

A)  their heart rate decreases. 
B)  their heart rate increases. 
C)  their heart rate increases, and their veins and arteries dilate. 
D)  their heart rate increases, and their veins and arteries contract. 
A)  their heart rate decreases. 
B)  their heart rate increases. 
C)  their heart rate increases, and their veins and arteries dilate. 
D)  their heart rate increases, and their veins and arteries contract.

_____ is an individual difference in people's desire and ability to adjust their self-presentations.

Being reminded of extrinsic sources of self-esteem has led to all of the following effects except _____.

Which of the following possibilities is NOT a primary way to reduce dissonance?

When a person's skills and the challenges set by a situation match, which of the following states will occur?

In social psychological research, self-verification refers primarily to:

In one study, participants received personality feedback before watching either a disturbingly graphic video or a video with neutral content. What were the findings of the study?

Describe the dramaturgical perspective. What is the difference between a sincere and a cynical performance?

State self-esteem refers specifically to _, while trait self-esteem refers specifically to _.

A person is most likely to exaggerate the differences between two alternatives when they have been forced to choose between:

Research suggests that feeling ostracized in a game of cyberball increases activation in which brain region?

The extent to which a person believes that either internal or external factors determine their outcomes is referred to as _____.

Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate implication from the existing research literature on self-esteem?

A sense of personal value based on enduring inner qualities is referred to as _____.

Which of the following is NOT a basic need posited by self-determination theory?

Which of the following examples involves someone using the strategy of trivialization to reduce dissonance?

What does self-presentation research suggest is the best way to convince others that one is competent and sincere?

Yamir attends sociology class because he would feel guilty if he didn't attend. However, he doesn't really feel like sociology connects to his sense of what he wants to do with his life. Yamir attends the class for reasons of _____.

Using the least possible amount of external justification required to prevent undesirable behavior is referred to as _____.

Self-esteem is defined as:

When people experience an event as a challenge:

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

Exam 6: The Key Self-Motives: Consistency, Esteem, Presentation, and Growth

_____ is an individual difference in people's desire and ability to adjust their self-presentations.

Being reminded of extrinsic sources of self-esteem has led to all of the following effects except _____.

Which of the following possibilities is NOT a primary way to reduce dissonance?

When a person's skills and the challenges set by a situation match, which of the following states will occur?

In social psychological research, self-verification refers primarily to:

In one study, participants received personality feedback before watching either a disturbingly graphic video or a video with neutral content. What were the findings of the study?

Describe the dramaturgical perspective. What is the difference between a sincere and a cynical performance?

State self-esteem refers specifically to _____, while trait self-esteem refers specifically to _____.

A person is most likely to exaggerate the differences between two alternatives when they have been forced to choose between:

Research suggests that feeling ostracized in a game of cyberball increases activation in which brain region?

The extent to which a person believes that either internal or external factors determine their outcomes is referred to as _____.

Which of the following statements is NOT an accurate implication from the existing research literature on self-esteem?

A sense of personal value based on enduring inner qualities is referred to as _____.

Which of the following is NOT a basic need posited by self-determination theory?

Which of the following examples involves someone using the strategy of trivialization to reduce dissonance?

What does self-presentation research suggest is the best way to convince others that one is competent and sincere?

Yamir attends sociology class because he would feel guilty if he didn't attend. However, he doesn't really feel like sociology connects to his sense of what he wants to do with his life. Yamir attends the class for reasons of _____.

Using the least possible amount of external justification required to prevent undesirable behavior is referred to as _____.

Self-esteem is defined as:

When people experience an event as a challenge:

The Revealing Science of Social Psychology

Fundamentals of Social Behavior

The Core Elements of Social Cognition

Thinking About People and Events

The Nature, Origins, and Functions of the Self

Social Influence

Persuasion, Attitudes, and Behavior

Group Processes

Understanding Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination

Responding to and Reducing Prejudice

Interpersonal Aggression

Prosocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction

Close Relationships

Filters

State self-esteem refers specifically to _, while trait self-esteem refers specifically to _.