Question 1

Which of the following is the primary question underlying Jones's correspondent inference theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Do attributions correspond with pre-existing beliefs? 
B)  Does an individual's beliefs correspond with that individual's behaviour? 
C)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behaviour corresponds with the actor's personality? 
D)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behaviour is consistent with that of the observer? 
A)  Do attributions correspond with pre-existing beliefs? 
B)  Does an individual's beliefs correspond with that individual's behaviour? 
C)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behaviour corresponds with the actor's personality? 
D)  Does an observer infer that an actor's behaviour is consistent with that of the observer?

Question 2

How does culture influence the likelihood of making the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children reared in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
B)  Children reared in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
C)  Adults in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures. 
D)  Adults in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures. 
A)  Children reared in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
B)  Children reared in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those reared in Eastern cultures. 
C)  Adults in Western cultures are more likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures. 
D)  Adults in Western cultures are less likely to make the fundamental attribution error than those in Eastern cultures.

Question 3

Which of the following is consistent with Kelley's covariation principle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actors attribute behaviour to the situation,but observers attribute behaviour to persons. 
B)  People fail to use statistical information,instead relying on intuitive theories to make personality inferences. 
C)  People infer that something is the cause of a behaviour if it is present when the behaviour occurs and absent when it does not occur. 
D)  People infer the causes of a behaviour as a function of the intended consequences of the behaviour. 
A)  Actors attribute behaviour to the situation,but observers attribute behaviour to persons. 
B)  People fail to use statistical information,instead relying on intuitive theories to make personality inferences. 
C)  People infer that something is the cause of a behaviour if it is present when the behaviour occurs and absent when it does not occur. 
D)  People infer the causes of a behaviour as a function of the intended consequences of the behaviour.

Question 4

What do psychologists call traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions?

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit traits 
B)  central traits 
C)  prime traits 
D)  confirming traits 
A)  implicit traits 
B)  central traits 
C)  prime traits 
D)  confirming traits

Question 5

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  the tendency to attribute one's own behaviour to personal factors rather than to the situation 
B)  the tendency to attribute one's own behaviour to the situation rather than to personal factors 
C)  the tendency to attribute another person's behaviour to personal factors rather than to the situation 
D)  the tendency to attribute another person's behaviour to situational factors rather than to personal factors 
A)  the tendency to attribute one's own behaviour to personal factors rather than to the situation 
B)  the tendency to attribute one's own behaviour to the situation rather than to personal factors 
C)  the tendency to attribute another person's behaviour to personal factors rather than to the situation 
D)  the tendency to attribute another person's behaviour to situational factors rather than to personal factors

Question 6

Todd,who is considered to have a baby face,and Martin,who has more mature features,are both being interviewed for the same position in a bank.Which of the following is the most probable outcome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because of his more mature features,Martin will be viewed as more competent. 
B)  Because he is baby-faced,Todd will be seen as less honest. 
C)  Because he is baby-faced,Todd will be judged as more qualified for employment. 
D)  Because of his more mature features,Martin will be seen as more kind. 
A)  Because of his more mature features,Martin will be viewed as more competent. 
B)  Because he is baby-faced,Todd will be seen as less honest. 
C)  Because he is baby-faced,Todd will be judged as more qualified for employment. 
D)  Because of his more mature features,Martin will be seen as more kind.

Question 7

Because his father was injured in a train crash last year,Jamal firmly believes that he is much more likely to be involved in a train accident than to fall while in the shower.What concept does Jamal's belief reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  the actor-observer effect 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the base-rate fallacy 
D)  the false-consensus effect 
A)  the actor-observer effect 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the base-rate fallacy 
D)  the false-consensus effect

Question 8

During her introductory psychology course this morning,Letitia learned that unconscious desires are often revealed in the jokes people tell.As she is eating lunch with her friends after class,she cannot help but think about the unconscious desires their jokes might signify.Which of the following does Letitia's behaviour most exemplify?

Accepted Answer

A)  counterfactual thinking 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  priming 
D)  the false-consensus effect 
A)  counterfactual thinking 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  priming 
D)  the false-consensus effect

Question 9

Jorge watches his friend Nina interacting with others and makes a situational attribution for her behaviour.Which of the following does Jorge most likely believe?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nina's way of relating to people stems from particular characteristics of her personality. 
B)  Nina is not acting the way other people would act in the same situation. 
C)  Nina's actions are not consistent with the social norms governing that particular situation. 
D)  Nina's behaviour is best explained by the circumstances surrounding the encounter. 
A)  Nina's way of relating to people stems from particular characteristics of her personality. 
B)  Nina is not acting the way other people would act in the same situation. 
C)  Nina's actions are not consistent with the social norms governing that particular situation. 
D)  Nina's behaviour is best explained by the circumstances surrounding the encounter.

Question 10

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions,and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

Accepted Answer

According to Gilbert and Malone,we first

Question 11

What did Dunning's (2001)research find about how people perceive leadership qualities?

Accepted Answer

A)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader correspond to the traits people see in themselves. 
B)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader are not influenced by personal motivations. 
C)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader depend upon what is perceived as socially desirable. 
D)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader are particularly susceptible to false-consensus effects. 
A)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader correspond to the traits people see in themselves. 
B)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader are not influenced by personal motivations. 
C)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader depend upon what is perceived as socially desirable. 
D)  People's perceptions of what it takes to be a leader are particularly susceptible to false-consensus effects.

Question 12

In Rule and Ambady's (2011)research on the impact of facial features on judgements about people,university students were asked to rate the CEOs of top legal firms on competence,dominance,and facial maturity.What factor had the strongest effect on the students' ratings?

Accepted Answer

A)  the age of the CEOs 
B)  the number of years serving as the CEO 
C)  the likability of the CEO 
D)  the profitability of the firm 
A)  the age of the CEOs 
B)  the number of years serving as the CEO 
C)  the likability of the CEO 
D)  the profitability of the firm

Question 13

According to correspondent inference theory,when are correspondent inferences most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  when a person's behaviour is not freely chosen,expected,and results in many desirable outcomes 
B)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,expected,and results in few desirable outcomes 
C)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,unexpected,and results in many desirable outcomes 
D)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,unexpected,and results in few desirable outcomes 
A)  when a person's behaviour is not freely chosen,expected,and results in many desirable outcomes 
B)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,expected,and results in few desirable outcomes 
C)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,unexpected,and results in many desirable outcomes 
D)  when a person's behaviour is freely chosen,unexpected,and results in few desirable outcomes

Question 14

In which of the following situations are perceivers most likely to judge accident victims as more responsible for their unfortunate experiences?

Accepted Answer

A)  when the victim's situation is very different from that of the perceiver 
B)  when the accident is mild rather than severe 
C)  when the perceiver is worried about threats to the self 
D)  when the perceiver can aid the victim in some way 
A)  when the victim's situation is very different from that of the perceiver 
B)  when the accident is mild rather than severe 
C)  when the perceiver is worried about threats to the self 
D)  when the perceiver can aid the victim in some way

Question 15

Which of the following types of people usually form the strongest first impressions?

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals who are high in need for closure 
B)  individuals who have been primed 
C)  individuals who are in a bad mood 
D)  individuals who believe in a just world 
A)  individuals who are high in need for closure 
B)  individuals who have been primed 
C)  individuals who are in a bad mood 
D)  individuals who believe in a just world

Question 16

Jerry makes frequent eye contact with the person to whom he is talking.Which of the following impressions is his behaviour most likely to elicit?

Accepted Answer

A)  an impression that Jerry is domineering and likes power 
B)  an impression that Jerry is insecure and needy 
C)  a positive impression if the person to whom Jerry is talking is a woman,and a negative impression if this person is a man 
D)  a positive impression if the person to whom Jerry is talking is a friend,and a negative impression if this person is an enemy 
A)  an impression that Jerry is domineering and likes power 
B)  an impression that Jerry is insecure and needy 
C)  a positive impression if the person to whom Jerry is talking is a woman,and a negative impression if this person is a man 
D)  a positive impression if the person to whom Jerry is talking is a friend,and a negative impression if this person is an enemy

Question 17

Jason and Joel work at the same marketing firm.Jason is a senior member of the team and Joel was recently hired.Given the differences in their social status and based on the research by Hall and others (2005),which of the following is the best prediction of their nonverbal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)  Jason will initiate a handshake. 
B)  Joel will initiate a handshake. 
C)  Joel will be more likely to speak louder and interrupt. 
D)  Jason will be more likely to speak louder and interrupt. 
A)  Jason will initiate a handshake. 
B)  Joel will initiate a handshake. 
C)  Joel will be more likely to speak louder and interrupt. 
D)  Jason will be more likely to speak louder and interrupt.

Question 18

According to correspondent inference theory,in which of the following situations would a personal attribution be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Serena,a professor,helps students during her office hours. 
B)  Sally,a naval officer,salutes when her commanding officer enters the room. 
C)  Steve,a wealthy athlete,is ordered by the court to attend a drug rehabilitation program. 
D)  Sam,a world-renowned playboy,joins a monastery and takes a vow of celibacy. 
A)  Serena,a professor,helps students during her office hours. 
B)  Sally,a naval officer,salutes when her commanding officer enters the room. 
C)  Steve,a wealthy athlete,is ordered by the court to attend a drug rehabilitation program. 
D)  Sam,a world-renowned playboy,joins a monastery and takes a vow of celibacy.

Question 19

Suppose you are asked whether there are more psychology or biology majors at your school.Imagine that you estimate the numbers at your school based on the number of people with these majors you personally know.What are you using?

Accepted Answer

A)  the covariation principle 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the actor-observer effect 
A)  the covariation principle 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the availability heuristic 
D)  the actor-observer effect

Question 20

Craig is convinced that his accountant is a cocaine addict.To determine whether he is correct,Craig asks his friends if the accountant sniffs a lot,uses slang when he speaks,or frequently excuses himself to use the men's room-three behaviours Craig believes are characteristic of cocaine addicts.What do Craig's methods illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the false-consensus effect 
B)  a self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  confirmatory hypothesis testing 
D)  the trait negativity bias 
A)  the false-consensus effect 
B)  a self-fulfilling prophecy 
C)  confirmatory hypothesis testing 
D)  the trait negativity bias

Which of the following is the primary question underlying Jones's correspondent inference theory?

How does culture influence the likelihood of making the fundamental attribution error?

Which of the following is consistent with Kelley's covariation principle?

What do psychologists call traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Todd,who is considered to have a baby face,and Martin,who has more mature features,are both being interviewed for the same position in a bank.Which of the following is the most probable outcome?

Because his father was injured in a train crash last year,Jamal firmly believes that he is much more likely to be involved in a train accident than to fall while in the shower.What concept does Jamal's belief reflect?

Jorge watches his friend Nina interacting with others and makes a situational attribution for her behaviour.Which of the following does Jorge most likely believe?

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions,and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

What did Dunning's (2001)research find about how people perceive leadership qualities?

In Rule and Ambady's (2011)research on the impact of facial features on judgements about people,university students were asked to rate the CEOs of top legal firms on competence,dominance,and facial maturity.What factor had the strongest effect on the students' ratings?

According to correspondent inference theory,when are correspondent inferences most likely to occur?

In which of the following situations are perceivers most likely to judge accident victims as more responsible for their unfortunate experiences?

Which of the following types of people usually form the strongest first impressions?

Jerry makes frequent eye contact with the person to whom he is talking.Which of the following impressions is his behaviour most likely to elicit?

Jason and Joel work at the same marketing firm.Jason is a senior member of the team and Joel was recently hired.Given the differences in their social status and based on the research by Hall and others (2005),which of the following is the best prediction of their nonverbal behaviour?

According to correspondent inference theory,in which of the following situations would a personal attribution be most appropriate?

Suppose you are asked whether there are more psychology or biology majors at your school.Imagine that you estimate the numbers at your school based on the number of people with these majors you personally know.What are you using?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

Which of the following is the primary question underlying Jones's correspondent inference theory?

How does culture influence the likelihood of making the fundamental attribution error?

Which of the following is consistent with Kelley's covariation principle?

What do psychologists call traits that suggest the presence of other traits and that exert a powerful influence on final impressions?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

Todd,who is considered to have a baby face,and Martin,who has more mature features,are both being interviewed for the same position in a bank.Which of the following is the most probable outcome?

Because his father was injured in a train crash last year,Jamal firmly believes that he is much more likely to be involved in a train accident than to fall while in the shower.What concept does Jamal's belief reflect?

Jorge watches his friend Nina interacting with others and makes a situational attribution for her behaviour.Which of the following does Jorge most likely believe?

Explain Gilbert and Malone's two-step process of making attributions,and identify when in this process the fundamental attribution error occurs.

What did Dunning's (2001)research find about how people perceive leadership qualities?

In Rule and Ambady's (2011)research on the impact of facial features on judgements about people,university students were asked to rate the CEOs of top legal firms on competence,dominance,and facial maturity.What factor had the strongest effect on the students' ratings?

According to correspondent inference theory,when are correspondent inferences most likely to occur?

In which of the following situations are perceivers most likely to judge accident victims as more responsible for their unfortunate experiences?

Which of the following types of people usually form the strongest first impressions?

Jerry makes frequent eye contact with the person to whom he is talking.Which of the following impressions is his behaviour most likely to elicit?

Jason and Joel work at the same marketing firm.Jason is a senior member of the team and Joel was recently hired.Given the differences in their social status and based on the research by Hall and others (2005),which of the following is the best prediction of their nonverbal behaviour?

According to correspondent inference theory,in which of the following situations would a personal attribution be most appropriate?

Suppose you are asked whether there are more psychology or biology majors at your school.Imagine that you estimate the numbers at your school based on the number of people with these majors you personally know.What are you using?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters