Question 1

How is effort distributed in the two-step model of the attribution process?

Accepted Answer

A)  People make an automatic first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an effortful second step of considering the initial inference. 
B)  People make an automatic first step of making a personal attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering situational factors. 
C)  People make an effortful first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an automatic second step of making a dispositional inference. 
D)  People make an automatic first step of making a situational attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering personal factors. 
A)  People make an automatic first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an effortful second step of considering the initial inference. 
B)  People make an automatic first step of making a personal attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering situational factors. 
C)  People make an effortful first step of weighing situational and personal attributions equally,and then an automatic second step of making a dispositional inference. 
D)  People make an automatic first step of making a situational attribution,and then an effortful second step of considering personal factors.

Question 2

We observe a person's behaviour.First,we make a quick personal attribution.Then,we adjust for the effects of the situation.Which of the following is most likely to be caused in this two-step process?

Accepted Answer

A)  the averaging model of information integration 
B)  the trait negativity bias 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  the primacy effect 
A)  the averaging model of information integration 
B)  the trait negativity bias 
C)  the fundamental attribution error 
D)  the primacy effect

Question 3

What did the "Quiz Show" study by Ross and colleagues find about judging the general knowledge of the contestant and questioner?

Accepted Answer

A)  Observers made the fundamental attribution error,but the questioner and contestant did not. 
B)  Participants did not make the fundamental attribution error because they knew that the quiz show roles were assigned at random. 
C)  Observers and contestants made the fundamental attribution error to the same degree. 
D)  Men were more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than women. 
A)  Observers made the fundamental attribution error,but the questioner and contestant did not. 
B)  Participants did not make the fundamental attribution error because they knew that the quiz show roles were assigned at random. 
C)  Observers and contestants made the fundamental attribution error to the same degree. 
D)  Men were more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than women.

Question 4

Which of the following is reflected by estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on the ease with which one can recall previous instances of this event?

Accepted Answer

A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the two-step attribution process 
D)  the availability heuristic 
A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  the fundamental attribution error 
C)  the two-step attribution process 
D)  the availability heuristic

Question 5

Everyone you know seems to love the TV show Wipeout.You're a huge fan of reality TV as well,as you never miss an episode of Dancing with the Stars,American Idol,or The Bachelor.But every time you watch Wipeout,you have the same reaction: You hate it with a passion.According to Kelley's (1967)covariation theory of attribution,your dislike of this show would be which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  high in consensus,low in distinctiveness,and high in consistency 
B)  low in consensus,high in distinctiveness,and high in consistency 
C)  high in consensus,high in distinctiveness,and low in consistency 
D)  low in consensus,low in distinctiveness,and low in consistency 
A)  high in consensus,low in distinctiveness,and high in consistency 
B)  low in consensus,high in distinctiveness,and high in consistency 
C)  high in consensus,high in distinctiveness,and low in consistency 
D)  low in consensus,low in distinctiveness,and low in consistency

Question 6

Daphne loves her social psychology class and thinks that most of the other students in the class love it as well.Anna is in the same class and absolutely hates it.Anna is thoroughly convinced that most of the other students also dislike it.What concept do these distorted perceptions illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the actor-observer effect 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the false-consensus effect 
A)  the actor-observer effect 
B)  the confirmation bias 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the false-consensus effect

Question 7

What does the study of social perception address?

Accepted Answer

A)  how people understand their own behaviour 
B)  how people form impressions of others 
C)  the strategies people use to create a positive self-image 
D)  the way that we compare ourselves to others 
A)  how people understand their own behaviour 
B)  how people form impressions of others 
C)  the strategies people use to create a positive self-image 
D)  the way that we compare ourselves to others

Question 8

You are eating at a restaurant on a first date when your date spills spaghetti all over his or her lap.Which of the following conclusions would you be most likely to draw if you commit the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  Your date gets nervous on first dates. 
B)  Your date is clumsy. 
C)  Your date is even more attractive than you originally thought. 
D)  Your date is even less attractive than you originally thought. 
A)  Your date gets nervous on first dates. 
B)  Your date is clumsy. 
C)  Your date is even more attractive than you originally thought. 
D)  Your date is even less attractive than you originally thought.

Question 9

Scripts are often culture-specific.What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a great deal of agreement about the order of events across cultures. 
B)  The more experience one has with a particular behaviour,the more successfully one can execute the relevant script. 
C)  The more general the script is,the greater cross-cultural consistency it has. 
D)  The same behaviours may be perceived very differently in different cultures. 
A)  There is a great deal of agreement about the order of events across cultures. 
B)  The more experience one has with a particular behaviour,the more successfully one can execute the relevant script. 
C)  The more general the script is,the greater cross-cultural consistency it has. 
D)  The same behaviours may be perceived very differently in different cultures.

Question 10

When forming impressions of others,which traits are people most likely to select as important?

Accepted Answer

A)  people see their own skills and abilities as less important to have. 
B)  people see the skills and abilities of the significant others in their lives as most important 
C)  people differ in the particular traits they are likely to notice. 
D)  people see the skills and abilities of community leaders as most important. 
A)  people see their own skills and abilities as less important to have. 
B)  people see the skills and abilities of the significant others in their lives as most important 
C)  people differ in the particular traits they are likely to notice. 
D)  people see the skills and abilities of community leaders as most important.

Question 11

What does the base-rate fallacy reflect?

Accepted Answer

A)  a failure to use consensus information 
B)  a failure to use consistency information 
C)  the actor-observer effect 
D)  an excessive reliance on situational attributions 
A)  a failure to use consensus information 
B)  a failure to use consistency information 
C)  the actor-observer effect 
D)  an excessive reliance on situational attributions

Question 12

At her town picnic,Haley is scanning the faces in a crowd looking for her sister Jenna.One other face in the crowd quickly captures her attention and she finds that she keeps looking back at the same person.What is the most likely characteristic of that face?

Accepted Answer

A)  It's an angry face. 
B)  It's a happy face. 
C)  It's a beautiful face. 
D)  It's a surprised face. 
A)  It's an angry face. 
B)  It's a happy face. 
C)  It's a beautiful face. 
D)  It's a surprised face.

Question 13

Wilma hears on the evening news that the attackers of a woman who was beaten and killed have fled the country.Frank reads in the newspaper about a child molester sentenced to life in prison.Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frank will be more likely than Wilma to have his belief in a just world threatened. 
B)  Wilma will be more likely than Frank to blame the victim. 
C)  Wilma will be more likely than Frank to make situational attributions for the crimes. 
D)  Frank and Wilma will both make situational attributions for the crimes. 
A)  Frank will be more likely than Wilma to have his belief in a just world threatened. 
B)  Wilma will be more likely than Frank to blame the victim. 
C)  Wilma will be more likely than Frank to make situational attributions for the crimes. 
D)  Frank and Wilma will both make situational attributions for the crimes.

Question 14

Whenever Elaine goes to the casino,the noise from all the winning slot machines convinces her that she will be able to win enough money to pay off all her debts.What concept does this scenario illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  counterfactual thinking 
B)  the base-rate fallacy 
C)  the confirmation bias 
D)  the false-consensus effect 
A)  counterfactual thinking 
B)  the base-rate fallacy 
C)  the confirmation bias 
D)  the false-consensus effect

Question 15

Esmerelda wonders if she would be happier if she had decided to move to Montreal rather than Toronto.What concept does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the fundamental attribution error 
A)  the base-rate fallacy 
B)  belief perseverance 
C)  counterfactual thinking 
D)  the fundamental attribution error

Question 16

Which of the following traits would produce the most extreme impression of a target?

Accepted Answer

A)  honesty 
B)  cruelty 
C)  intelligence 
D)  impulsivity 
A)  honesty 
B)  cruelty 
C)  intelligence 
D)  impulsivity

Question 17

Imagine that you are grading the exams of two students,Ralph and Nathan.They both get only half the questions correct.Nathan gets the first 25 questions wrong and the last 25 questions correct,whereas Ralph gets the first 25 questions correct and then misses the remaining 25.According to Asch's work on primacy effects in impression formation,how would you most likely judge Nathan and Ralph?

Accepted Answer

A)  You would probably think that Ralph is smarter than Nathan. 
B)  You would probably think that Nathan is smarter than Ralph. 
C)  You would probably think that Ralph and Nathan are equally intelligent. 
D)  You would probably think that Ralph and Nathan are equally careless. 
A)  You would probably think that Ralph is smarter than Nathan. 
B)  You would probably think that Nathan is smarter than Ralph. 
C)  You would probably think that Ralph and Nathan are equally intelligent. 
D)  You would probably think that Ralph and Nathan are equally careless.

Question 18

Which of the following research findings is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

Accepted Answer

A)  People are quicker to recognize angry faces than happy faces. 
B)  People are better able to interpret emotions from video than still pictures. 
C)  People are able to identify six primary emotions. 
D)  People sometimes infer emotions from situations rather than facial expressions. 
A)  People are quicker to recognize angry faces than happy faces. 
B)  People are better able to interpret emotions from video than still pictures. 
C)  People are able to identify six primary emotions. 
D)  People sometimes infer emotions from situations rather than facial expressions.

Question 19

Charlie has never seen a lacrosse game before.What is the best way for Al to give the game meaning for Charlie and to get him to remember the details of the game?

Accepted Answer

A)  ask Charlie to put special effort into learning the players' names 
B)  ask Charlie to pay attention to each stop in play 
C)  ask Charlie to pay attention to the final score 
D)  ask Charlie to pay attention to the surroundings of the game (the weather,fans,field conditions,etc. ) 
A)  ask Charlie to put special effort into learning the players' names 
B)  ask Charlie to pay attention to each stop in play 
C)  ask Charlie to pay attention to the final score 
D)  ask Charlie to pay attention to the surroundings of the game (the weather,fans,field conditions,etc. )

Question 20

Marcus sits at an outdoor café.A woman walks by,swaying her hips,lifting her feet,and swinging her arms.Based on the way the woman is walking,what impression of the woman is Marcus most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  The woman is attractive. 
B)  The woman nervous. 
C)  The woman happy. 
D)  The woman impulsive. 
A)  The woman is attractive. 
B)  The woman nervous. 
C)  The woman happy. 
D)  The woman impulsive.

How is effort distributed in the two-step model of the attribution process?

We observe a person's behaviour.First,we make a quick personal attribution.Then,we adjust for the effects of the situation.Which of the following is most likely to be caused in this two-step process?

What did the "Quiz Show" study by Ross and colleagues find about judging the general knowledge of the contestant and questioner?

Which of the following is reflected by estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on the ease with which one can recall previous instances of this event?

Daphne loves her social psychology class and thinks that most of the other students in the class love it as well.Anna is in the same class and absolutely hates it.Anna is thoroughly convinced that most of the other students also dislike it.What concept do these distorted perceptions illustrate?

What does the study of social perception address?

You are eating at a restaurant on a first date when your date spills spaghetti all over his or her lap.Which of the following conclusions would you be most likely to draw if you commit the fundamental attribution error?

Scripts are often culture-specific.What does this mean?

When forming impressions of others,which traits are people most likely to select as important?

What does the base-rate fallacy reflect?

At her town picnic,Haley is scanning the faces in a crowd looking for her sister Jenna.One other face in the crowd quickly captures her attention and she finds that she keeps looking back at the same person.What is the most likely characteristic of that face?

Wilma hears on the evening news that the attackers of a woman who was beaten and killed have fled the country.Frank reads in the newspaper about a child molester sentenced to life in prison.Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Whenever Elaine goes to the casino,the noise from all the winning slot machines convinces her that she will be able to win enough money to pay off all her debts.What concept does this scenario illustrate?

Esmerelda wonders if she would be happier if she had decided to move to Montreal rather than Toronto.What concept does this example illustrate?

Which of the following traits would produce the most extreme impression of a target?

Which of the following research findings is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

Charlie has never seen a lacrosse game before.What is the best way for Al to give the game meaning for Charlie and to get him to remember the details of the game?

Marcus sits at an outdoor café.A woman walks by,swaying her hips,lifting her feet,and swinging her arms.Based on the way the woman is walking,what impression of the woman is Marcus most likely to have?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters

Exam 4: Perceiving Persons

How is effort distributed in the two-step model of the attribution process?

We observe a person's behaviour.First,we make a quick personal attribution.Then,we adjust for the effects of the situation.Which of the following is most likely to be caused in this two-step process?

What did the "Quiz Show" study by Ross and colleagues find about judging the general knowledge of the contestant and questioner?

Which of the following is reflected by estimates of the probability that an event will happen based on the ease with which one can recall previous instances of this event?

Daphne loves her social psychology class and thinks that most of the other students in the class love it as well.Anna is in the same class and absolutely hates it.Anna is thoroughly convinced that most of the other students also dislike it.What concept do these distorted perceptions illustrate?

What does the study of social perception address?

You are eating at a restaurant on a first date when your date spills spaghetti all over his or her lap.Which of the following conclusions would you be most likely to draw if you commit the fundamental attribution error?

Scripts are often culture-specific.What does this mean?

When forming impressions of others,which traits are people most likely to select as important?

What does the base-rate fallacy reflect?

At her town picnic,Haley is scanning the faces in a crowd looking for her sister Jenna.One other face in the crowd quickly captures her attention and she finds that she keeps looking back at the same person.What is the most likely characteristic of that face?

Wilma hears on the evening news that the attackers of a woman who was beaten and killed have fled the country.Frank reads in the newspaper about a child molester sentenced to life in prison.Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Whenever Elaine goes to the casino,the noise from all the winning slot machines convinces her that she will be able to win enough money to pay off all her debts.What concept does this scenario illustrate?

Esmerelda wonders if she would be happier if she had decided to move to Montreal rather than Toronto.What concept does this example illustrate?

Which of the following traits would produce the most extreme impression of a target?

Which of the following research findings is most consistent with Darwin's hypothesis that the ability to interpret emotion from facial expressions has survival value?

Charlie has never seen a lacrosse game before.What is the best way for Al to give the game meaning for Charlie and to get him to remember the details of the game?

Marcus sits at an outdoor café.A woman walks by,swaying her hips,lifting her feet,and swinging her arms.Based on the way the woman is walking,what impression of the woman is Marcus most likely to have?

Introduction

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Stereotypes,prejudice,and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Health

Filters