Question 1

Antibiotics should only be prescribed for

Accepted Answer

A)  fungal infections. 
B)  viral infections. 
C)  bacterial and fungal infections. 
D)  bacterial infections. 
E)  a flulike illness. 
A)  fungal infections. 
B)  viral infections. 
C)  bacterial and fungal infections. 
D)  bacterial infections. 
E)  a flulike illness.

Question 2

Eighty years ago,a predatory crab was introduced to a region it previously did not inhabit and began preying on a species of marine snail.A scientist was able to locate museum specimens of the snail's shells from prior to the crab's introduction and to compare their thickness-an important factor in how protective the shells are-to the thickness of shells from current snails.Based on the graphs of her results (shown here),what form of evolution/natural selection has taken place?

Accepted Answer

A)  nonadaptive evolution 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  diversifying selection 
E)  neutral selection 
A)  nonadaptive evolution 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  diversifying selection 
E)  neutral selection

Question 3

Which of the following have contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  prescribing antibiotics for colds 
B)  prescribing antibiotics for bacterial infections 
C)  failure of hospital personnel to wash hands 
D)  giving livestock antibiotics 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  prescribing antibiotics for colds 
B)  prescribing antibiotics for bacterial infections 
C)  failure of hospital personnel to wash hands 
D)  giving livestock antibiotics 
E)  All of the above.

Question 4

All of the following are true of natural selection,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  it works best in genetically uniform populations. 
B)  it results in populations better suited to their environment than their predecessors. 
C)  it is the process by which evolution occurs. 
D)  it results in some individuals surviving better and reproducing more than others. 
E)  it results in a change in allele frequencies over time. 
A)  it works best in genetically uniform populations. 
B)  it results in populations better suited to their environment than their predecessors. 
C)  it is the process by which evolution occurs. 
D)  it results in some individuals surviving better and reproducing more than others. 
E)  it results in a change in allele frequencies over time.

Question 5

A bacterial cell with which modification might be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to contaminate surfaces in areas such as locker rooms 
B)  the ability to produce toxins that kill the human host 
C)  the ability to spread through contact between people 
D)  the ability to produce an enzyme that breaks down the antibiotic 
E)  the ability to cause skin infections such as pimples 
A)  the ability to contaminate surfaces in areas such as locker rooms 
B)  the ability to produce toxins that kill the human host 
C)  the ability to spread through contact between people 
D)  the ability to produce an enzyme that breaks down the antibiotic 
E)  the ability to cause skin infections such as pimples

Question 6

Bacteria reproduce by a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  cellular bifurcation. 
B)  cleavage. 
C)  bipolarization. 
D)  binary fission. 
E)  divergent fusion. 
A)  cellular bifurcation. 
B)  cleavage. 
C)  bipolarization. 
D)  binary fission. 
E)  divergent fusion.

Question 7

Bacteria usually reproduce by

Accepted Answer

A)  meiosis. 
B)  sexual reproduction. 
C)  binary fission. 
D)  binary fusion. 
E)  transformation. 
A)  meiosis. 
B)  sexual reproduction. 
C)  binary fission. 
D)  binary fusion. 
E)  transformation.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a possible way of transmitting a Staphylococcus aureus infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  sharing towels 
B)  skin-to-skin contact 
C)  contact sports 
D)  inhalation 
E)  All of the above ARE possible methods. 
A)  sharing towels 
B)  skin-to-skin contact 
C)  contact sports 
D)  inhalation 
E)  All of the above ARE possible methods.

Question 9

A population of lizards lives on an island and has a large range of adult body sizes.A new predator is introduced to the island,and this predator prefers eating only small lizards.What pattern of natural selection would you expect the lizard population to experience as a result of this change in their environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  bifurcating selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  diversifying selection 
D)  intermediate selection 
E)  stabilizing selection 
A)  bifurcating selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  diversifying selection 
D)  intermediate selection 
E)  stabilizing selection

Question 10

Each bacteria cell typically splits into ______ new cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  20 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  4 
D)  8 
E)  20

Question 11

In strains of bacteria that are not resistant to beta-lactams,which part(s)of the bacterial cells are disrupted by the antibiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  the cell membranes 
B)  the nuclear membranes 
C)  the cell walls 
D)  the cytoplasm 
E)  the DNA 
A)  the cell membranes 
B)  the nuclear membranes 
C)  the cell walls 
D)  the cytoplasm 
E)  the DNA

Question 12

All of these statements are true regarding S.aureus EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  it can be transmitted from person to person through used bar soap. 
B)  nearly 1% of the U.S.population is colonized with S.aureus. 
C)  it can cause pimples,boils,and wound infections in otherwise healthy individuals. 
D)  it can secrete toxic substances that can interfere with cellular functions. 
E)  all of these 
A)  it can be transmitted from person to person through used bar soap. 
B)  nearly 1% of the U.S.population is colonized with S.aureus. 
C)  it can cause pimples,boils,and wound infections in otherwise healthy individuals. 
D)  it can secrete toxic substances that can interfere with cellular functions. 
E)  all of these

Question 13

Which is necessary for natural selection to proceed?

Accepted Answer

A)  variation within a population 
B)  a mechanism of inheritance 
C)  acquisition of adaptations 
D)  generations reproducing over time 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  variation within a population 
B)  a mechanism of inheritance 
C)  acquisition of adaptations 
D)  generations reproducing over time 
E)  All of the above.

Question 14

Which changes in a bacterial cell might reduce the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of modified DNA that does not bind to the antibiotic 
B)  the presence of enzymes that are able to break down the antibiotic 
C)  the presence of cell membranes to which the antibiotic cannot bind 
D)  the presence of a thinner cell wall 
E)  all of these 
A)  the presence of modified DNA that does not bind to the antibiotic 
B)  the presence of enzymes that are able to break down the antibiotic 
C)  the presence of cell membranes to which the antibiotic cannot bind 
D)  the presence of a thinner cell wall 
E)  all of these

Question 15

Why doesn't a ß-lactam antibiotic prevent the growth of new host (human)cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  The host cells are slowed down by the antibiotic but still grow faster than the bacteria. 
B)  The host cells are protected by a thick layer of cell-wall peptidoglycan. 
C)  Osmosis only occurs in bacterial cells,never in human or animal cells. 
D)  The antibiotic only harms bacterial cell walls;the host cells do not have cell walls. 
E)  Antibiotics slow host cell growth,but after the bacteria are dead and the antibiotics are removed,the host cells can grow again. 
A)  The host cells are slowed down by the antibiotic but still grow faster than the bacteria. 
B)  The host cells are protected by a thick layer of cell-wall peptidoglycan. 
C)  Osmosis only occurs in bacterial cells,never in human or animal cells. 
D)  The antibiotic only harms bacterial cell walls;the host cells do not have cell walls. 
E)  Antibiotics slow host cell growth,but after the bacteria are dead and the antibiotics are removed,the host cells can grow again.

Question 16

Staphylococcus aureus can cause

Accepted Answer

A)  boils. 
B)  sores. 
C)  pimples. 
D)  death. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  boils. 
B)  sores. 
C)  pimples. 
D)  death. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 17

Which of the following will result in diversifying selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giraffes with the longest necks can eat leaves from the tallest trees. 
B)  Male frogs that call softly do not attract mates,whereas those who call very loudly get eaten by predators. 
C)  In an environment with patches of black and white rocks,both black and white rabbits can hide,but gray rabbits are always visible and are eaten by predators. 
D)  Blue birds with fewer than four chicks do not pass on many genes,blue birds with four chicks can raise them all,and blue birds with more than four chicks risk all of them dying due to lack of food. 
E)  Black and white moths exist in an area where the trees on which they rest have been turned black by pollution. 
A)  Giraffes with the longest necks can eat leaves from the tallest trees. 
B)  Male frogs that call softly do not attract mates,whereas those who call very loudly get eaten by predators. 
C)  In an environment with patches of black and white rocks,both black and white rabbits can hide,but gray rabbits are always visible and are eaten by predators. 
D)  Blue birds with fewer than four chicks do not pass on many genes,blue birds with four chicks can raise them all,and blue birds with more than four chicks risk all of them dying due to lack of food. 
E)  Black and white moths exist in an area where the trees on which they rest have been turned black by pollution.

Question 18

What is the drug of choice when a patient has a severe drug-resistant infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin 
B)  methicillin 
C)  vancomycin 
D)  cephalexin 
E)  amoxicillin 
A)  penicillin 
B)  methicillin 
C)  vancomycin 
D)  cephalexin 
E)  amoxicillin

Question 19

Which factor may prevent most people from developing more than minor skin blemishes when they have a staph infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their immune systems are preventing the infection from spreading. 
B)  Helpful bacteria on their skin keep staph in check. 
C)  Their skin is a physical barrier that keeps out the bacteria. 
D)  They are practicing good hygiene,including frequent hand washing. 
E)  all of these 
A)  Their immune systems are preventing the infection from spreading. 
B)  Helpful bacteria on their skin keep staph in check. 
C)  Their skin is a physical barrier that keeps out the bacteria. 
D)  They are practicing good hygiene,including frequent hand washing. 
E)  all of these

Question 20

Bacteria can divide as often as once every

Accepted Answer

A)  3 hours. 
B)  minute. 
C)  hour. 
D)  day. 
E)  20 minutes. 
A)  3 hours. 
B)  minute. 
C)  hour. 
D)  day. 
E)  20 minutes.

Exam 13: Natural Selection and Adaptation

Antibiotics should only be prescribed for

Which of the following have contributed to the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria?

All of the following are true of natural selection,EXCEPT

A bacterial cell with which modification might be resistant to antibiotics such as methicillin?

Bacteria reproduce by a process called

Bacteria usually reproduce by

Which of the following is NOT a possible way of transmitting a Staphylococcus aureus infection?

Each bacteria cell typically splits into ______ new cells.

In strains of bacteria that are not resistant to beta-lactams,which part(s)of the bacterial cells are disrupted by the antibiotic?

All of these statements are true regarding S.aureus EXCEPT:

Which is necessary for natural selection to proceed?

Which changes in a bacterial cell might reduce the effectiveness of beta-lactam antibiotics?

Why doesn't a ß-lactam antibiotic prevent the growth of new host (human)cells?

Staphylococcus aureus can cause

Which of the following will result in diversifying selection?

What is the drug of choice when a patient has a severe drug-resistant infection?

Which factor may prevent most people from developing more than minor skin blemishes when they have a staph infection?

Bacteria can divide as often as once every

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