Question 1

ß-lactam antibiotics act by interfering with

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial cell wall synthesis. 
B)  the uptake of bacteria. 
C)  bacterial cell division. 
D)  bacterial chromosome replication. 
E)  the ability of the bacteria to avoid the host's immune system. 
A)  bacterial cell wall synthesis. 
B)  the uptake of bacteria. 
C)  bacterial cell division. 
D)  bacterial chromosome replication. 
E)  the ability of the bacteria to avoid the host's immune system.

Question 2

Which of these is NOT a pattern of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A)  diversifying selection 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  diversifying selection 
B)  stabilizing selection 
C)  directional selection 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 3

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ability to survive and reproduce 
B)  population 
C)  ability to mutate 
D)  physical size 
E)  ability to swap genetic material with other organisms 
A)  ability to survive and reproduce 
B)  population 
C)  ability to mutate 
D)  physical size 
E)  ability to swap genetic material with other organisms

Question 4

If you examine a natural population of bacteria,it is common to find some antibiotic-sensitive and some antibiotic-resistant strains,even if the population has never been exposed to any antibiotic.Which explanation could account for this situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The resistant strain developed as a mutation and had no negative effect on fitness. 
B)  Selection favored the resistant strain and maintained it in the population so that it would be prepared for future antibiotic exposure. 
C)  The resistant strain had greater fitness compared to sensitive strains when the antibiotic was absent. 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these 
A)  The resistant strain developed as a mutation and had no negative effect on fitness. 
B)  Selection favored the resistant strain and maintained it in the population so that it would be prepared for future antibiotic exposure. 
C)  The resistant strain had greater fitness compared to sensitive strains when the antibiotic was absent. 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these

Question 5

Why is it recommended to keep locker rooms and sports equipment clean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staph infections can spread by surface contact. 
B)  A person colonized with S.aureus may have used the equipment previously. 
C)  Athletes may have open wounds that are more susceptible to infection. 
D)  It helps to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant infections. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  Staph infections can spread by surface contact. 
B)  A person colonized with S.aureus may have used the equipment previously. 
C)  Athletes may have open wounds that are more susceptible to infection. 
D)  It helps to reduce the transmission of antibiotic-resistant infections. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 6

The African finch Pyrenestes is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  diversifying selection. 
C)  guided selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  uniform selection. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  diversifying selection. 
C)  guided selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  uniform selection.

Question 7

MRSA can be contracted by

Accepted Answer

A)  skin-to-skin contact. 
B)  contact with open wounds. 
C)  contact with contaminated surfaces. 
D)  contact with contaminated soap and towels. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  skin-to-skin contact. 
B)  contact with open wounds. 
C)  contact with contaminated surfaces. 
D)  contact with contaminated soap and towels. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 8

All of the following are true of MRSA,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  MRSA used to be confined to hospitals but now is showing up in healthy individuals outside hospitals. 
B)  some strains may be resistant to multiple antibiotics. 
C)  anyone who comes into contact with MRSA will become sick. 
D)  MRSA can secrete toxins. 
E)  it can be acquired through inhalation. 
A)  MRSA used to be confined to hospitals but now is showing up in healthy individuals outside hospitals. 
B)  some strains may be resistant to multiple antibiotics. 
C)  anyone who comes into contact with MRSA will become sick. 
D)  MRSA can secrete toxins. 
E)  it can be acquired through inhalation.

Question 9

A bacterial strain will most likely become antibiotic resistant when it is grown in

Accepted Answer

A)  high heat. 
B)  extreme cold. 
C)  the presence of an acidic environment. 
D)  the presence of MRSA. 
E)  a laboratory that researches viruses. 
A)  high heat. 
B)  extreme cold. 
C)  the presence of an acidic environment. 
D)  the presence of MRSA. 
E)  a laboratory that researches viruses.

Question 10

After bacterial asexual reproduction,the daughter cells produced

Accepted Answer

A)  are identical to each other. 
B)  have half the chromosome number. 
C)  are genetically different. 
D)  have double the DNA content. 
E)  exchange genes by transformation. 
A)  are identical to each other. 
B)  have half the chromosome number. 
C)  are genetically different. 
D)  have double the DNA content. 
E)  exchange genes by transformation.

Question 11

Human birth weight is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection. 
B)  diversifying selection. 
C)  guided selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  uniform selection. 
A)  directional selection. 
B)  diversifying selection. 
C)  guided selection. 
D)  stabilizing selection. 
E)  uniform selection.

Question 12

Strains of pneumonia-causing ______ are becoming resistant to every available antibiotic.

Accepted Answer

A)  Klebsiella 
B)  Staphylococcus 
C)  Pneumatococcus 
D)  Botulinum 
E)  Streptococcus 
A)  Klebsiella 
B)  Staphylococcus 
C)  Pneumatococcus 
D)  Botulinum 
E)  Streptococcus

Question 13

Which process has been shown to contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in S.aureus?

Accepted Answer

A)  gene swapping with other bacterial strains 
B)  overuse of antiviral medications 
C)  genetic mutations during asexual reproduction 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these 
A)  gene swapping with other bacterial strains 
B)  overuse of antiviral medications 
C)  genetic mutations during asexual reproduction 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these

Question 14

An organism's ability to survive and reproduce is called the organism's

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selectivity. 
B)  advantage. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genotype. 
E)  fitness. 
A)  natural selectivity. 
B)  advantage. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  genotype. 
E)  fitness.

Question 15

When extreme phenotypes are selected against and disappear,which pattern of natural selection is at work?

Accepted Answer

A)  bifurcating selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  diversifying selection 
D)  intermediate selection 
E)  stabilizing selection 
A)  bifurcating selection 
B)  directional selection 
C)  diversifying selection 
D)  intermediate selection 
E)  stabilizing selection

Question 16

What is responsible for genetic variation in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations in the genome during binary fission 
B)  gene influx from a different bacterial strain 
C)  DNA influx from the environment 
D)  gene transfer from the same bacterial species 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  mutations in the genome during binary fission 
B)  gene influx from a different bacterial strain 
C)  DNA influx from the environment 
D)  gene transfer from the same bacterial species 
E)  All of the above.

Question 17

A bacterial cell that is resistant to a particular antibiotic may spend a large amount of energy producing the modified proteins that are needed for resistance.In such a case,what would be the effect on this cell's fitness if no antibiotic was present?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its fitness would be the same as other strains that lack resistance because no antibiotics affect any of them. 
B)  Its fitness would be higher than other strains that lack resistance because it is prepared for a future change in the environment. 
C)  Its fitness would be lower than other strains that lack resistance because it is spending energy that the resistant strains can use for other purposes,such as reproduction. 
D)  Its fitness would be higher than other strains that lack resistance because it has more available energy to use. 
E)  Its fitness would be the same as other strains that lack resistance because bacteria have access to so much energy in the environment that it is not an issue in their fitness. 
A)  Its fitness would be the same as other strains that lack resistance because no antibiotics affect any of them. 
B)  Its fitness would be higher than other strains that lack resistance because it is prepared for a future change in the environment. 
C)  Its fitness would be lower than other strains that lack resistance because it is spending energy that the resistant strains can use for other purposes,such as reproduction. 
D)  Its fitness would be higher than other strains that lack resistance because it has more available energy to use. 
E)  Its fitness would be the same as other strains that lack resistance because bacteria have access to so much energy in the environment that it is not an issue in their fitness.

Question 18

All the individuals of a species living in a specific area compose a

Accepted Answer

A)  colony. 
B)  species. 
C)  community. 
D)  population. 
E)  clade. 
A)  colony. 
B)  species. 
C)  community. 
D)  population. 
E)  clade.

Question 19

An individual who carries staph but isn't sick is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  infected 
B)  resistant 
C)  colonized 
D)  evolving 
E)  none of these 
A)  infected 
B)  resistant 
C)  colonized 
D)  evolving 
E)  none of these

Question 20

Drug-resistant populations of bacterial stains are a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  fast bacterial doubling time outpacing typical drug doses. 
B)  drugs or other selective environmental pressures. 
C)  binary fission. 
D)  manipulations in the lab to create new strains for research. 
E)  transmission from an infected person. 
A)  fast bacterial doubling time outpacing typical drug doses. 
B)  drugs or other selective environmental pressures. 
C)  binary fission. 
D)  manipulations in the lab to create new strains for research. 
E)  transmission from an infected person.

Exam 13: Natural Selection and Adaptation

ß-lactam antibiotics act by interfering with

Which of these is NOT a pattern of natural selection?

An organism's fitness depends on its _____.

If you examine a natural population of bacteria,it is common to find some antibiotic-sensitive and some antibiotic-resistant strains,even if the population has never been exposed to any antibiotic.Which explanation could account for this situation?

Why is it recommended to keep locker rooms and sports equipment clean?

The African finch Pyrenestes is an example of

MRSA can be contracted by

All of the following are true of MRSA,EXCEPT

A bacterial strain will most likely become antibiotic resistant when it is grown in

After bacterial asexual reproduction,the daughter cells produced

Human birth weight is an example of

Strains of pneumonia-causing ______ are becoming resistant to every available antibiotic.

Which process has been shown to contribute to the evolution of antibiotic resistance in S.aureus?

An organism's ability to survive and reproduce is called the organism's

When extreme phenotypes are selected against and disappear,which pattern of natural selection is at work?

What is responsible for genetic variation in bacteria?

A bacterial cell that is resistant to a particular antibiotic may spend a large amount of energy producing the modified proteins that are needed for resistance.In such a case,what would be the effect on this cell's fitness if no antibiotic was present?

All the individuals of a species living in a specific area compose a

An individual who carries staph but isn't sick is referred to as _____.

Drug-resistant populations of bacterial stains are a result of

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