Question 1

Why are antibiotics given to livestock?

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce bacterial growth in manure 
B)  to promote the growth of animals 
C)  to improve reproduction 
D)  to reduce digestive difficulties 
E)  to transmit bacterial resistance 
A)  to reduce bacterial growth in manure 
B)  to promote the growth of animals 
C)  to improve reproduction 
D)  to reduce digestive difficulties 
E)  to transmit bacterial resistance

Question 2

Which of the following is TRUE of bacterial reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. 
B)  One cell divides to produce four cells. 
C)  Reproduction is sexual and thus allows for genetic diversity in the new cells. 
D)  It takes 24 hours for a bacterial population to double in size. 
E)  Bacterial reproduction is called binary fusion. 
A)  The daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. 
B)  One cell divides to produce four cells. 
C)  Reproduction is sexual and thus allows for genetic diversity in the new cells. 
D)  It takes 24 hours for a bacterial population to double in size. 
E)  Bacterial reproduction is called binary fusion.

Question 3

If bacterial cells can divide every 20 minutes,how many bacteria will be present after 2 hours if the starting population is 100 cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  700 
B)  1200 
C)  1300 
D)  3200 
E)  6400 
A)  700 
B)  1200 
C)  1300 
D)  3200 
E)  6400

Question 4

A species of small lizard has three color forms,pale gray,brown,and black.In its original range,the colors of the rocky environment were mixed from pale gray to very dark,and the population had an even mix of all three color forms.The blending of colors with their environment helps the lizards hide from predators.A group of these lizards ended up on an island with all gray rocks.Eventually,only gray lizards remained.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection. 
B)  mutation. 
C)  diversifying selection. 
D)  directional selection. 
E)  stabilizing selection. 
A)  artificial selection. 
B)  mutation. 
C)  diversifying selection. 
D)  directional selection. 
E)  stabilizing selection.

Question 5

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogenic spore. 
B)  virus. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  pathogenic fungi. 
A)  pathogenic spore. 
B)  virus. 
C)  bacteria. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  pathogenic fungi.

Question 6

Five different strains of bacterial cultures were grown overnight in a medium containing antibiotics.Of the resulting population densities listed below,which was the most fit?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 × 105 cells/ml 
B)  6 × 106 cells/ml 
C)  7.5 × 107 cells/ml 
D)  0.075 × 108 cells/ml 
E)  5 × 107 cells/ml 
A)  5 × 105 cells/ml 
B)  6 × 106 cells/ml 
C)  7.5 × 107 cells/ml 
D)  0.075 × 108 cells/ml 
E)  5 × 107 cells/ml

Question 7

Which of the following people are at the lowest risk of acquiring MRSA?

Accepted Answer

A)  a computer consultant who works from home 
B)  someone who works as a guard at a local prison 
C)  a rugby player on a successful team 
D)  a worker in a local daycare 
E)  a janitor at a major city hospital 
A)  a computer consultant who works from home 
B)  someone who works as a guard at a local prison 
C)  a rugby player on a successful team 
D)  a worker in a local daycare 
E)  a janitor at a major city hospital

Question 8

All of the following will decrease the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  taking the recommended dose of antibiotics for a cold. 
B)  reducing antibiotics in animal feed. 
C)  washing hands frequently. 
D)  disinfecting contaminated surfaces. 
E)  keeping sports equipment clean. 
A)  taking the recommended dose of antibiotics for a cold. 
B)  reducing antibiotics in animal feed. 
C)  washing hands frequently. 
D)  disinfecting contaminated surfaces. 
E)  keeping sports equipment clean.

Question 9

Natural selection causes

Accepted Answer

A)  changes in an individual's genes. 
B)  changes in allele frequencies within a population. 
C)  a decrease in reproductive fitness in a population. 
D)  the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E)  changes in the mechanism of inheritance. 
A)  changes in an individual's genes. 
B)  changes in allele frequencies within a population. 
C)  a decrease in reproductive fitness in a population. 
D)  the inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E)  changes in the mechanism of inheritance.

Question 10

Bacterial cell division is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  friction. 
B)  cytofission. 
C)  fusion. 
D)  fission. 
E)  nuclear fission. 
A)  friction. 
B)  cytofission. 
C)  fusion. 
D)  fission. 
E)  nuclear fission.

Question 11

MRSA is resistant to

Accepted Answer

A)  penicillin. 
B)  ß-lactam antibiotics. 
C)  cephalosporin. 
D)  methicillin. 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  penicillin. 
B)  ß-lactam antibiotics. 
C)  cephalosporin. 
D)  methicillin. 
E)  All of the above.

Question 12

If a bacterium susceptible to ß-lactam antibiotics were placed in an isotonic solution and exposed to antibiotics,

Accepted Answer

A)  its cell wall would rupture and burst due to the influx of water caused by osmosis. 
B)  its cell membrane would rupture and burst due to the influx of water caused by osmosis,but its cell wall would remain intact. 
C)  osmosis would drive water out of the cell,causing it to shrivel and die due to lack of internal fluids. 
D)  it would remain intact because osmosis would cause no change in water flow into or out of the cell. 
E)  it would remain intact because the cell wall is strong enough to withstand the pressure caused when osmosis draws water into the cell. 
A)  its cell wall would rupture and burst due to the influx of water caused by osmosis. 
B)  its cell membrane would rupture and burst due to the influx of water caused by osmosis,but its cell wall would remain intact. 
C)  osmosis would drive water out of the cell,causing it to shrivel and die due to lack of internal fluids. 
D)  it would remain intact because osmosis would cause no change in water flow into or out of the cell. 
E)  it would remain intact because the cell wall is strong enough to withstand the pressure caused when osmosis draws water into the cell.

Question 13

All of the following are reasons to complete a prescribed course of antibiotics,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  to protect yourself from antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. 
B)  to protect other people from infection with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. 
C)  to ensure total elimination of the original infection. 
D)  to prevent the selection in your body of antibiotic-resistant strains. 
E)  to ensure that your immune system will not have to fight the bacteria. 
A)  to protect yourself from antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. 
B)  to protect other people from infection with antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria. 
C)  to ensure total elimination of the original infection. 
D)  to prevent the selection in your body of antibiotic-resistant strains. 
E)  to ensure that your immune system will not have to fight the bacteria.

Question 14

A highly resistant antibiotic strain of S.aureus would reproduce best in

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of antibiotic. 
B)  the absence of antibiotic. 
C)  the presence or absence of antibiotic. 
D)  a moderate concentration of antibiotic. 
E)  a fluctuating concentration of antibiotic 
A)  the presence of antibiotic. 
B)  the absence of antibiotic. 
C)  the presence or absence of antibiotic. 
D)  a moderate concentration of antibiotic. 
E)  a fluctuating concentration of antibiotic

Question 15

Which factor is not going to affect how natural selection acts on a given group of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  survival rate of individuals 
B)  reproductive success of individuals 
C)  which phenotypes are present 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these 
A)  survival rate of individuals 
B)  reproductive success of individuals 
C)  which phenotypes are present 
D)  none of these 
E)  all of these

Question 16

What percentage of people carry ANY form of Staphylococcus aureus on their skin or in their noses?

Accepted Answer

A)  1%-5% 
B)  5%-10% 
C)  10%-25% 
D)  30%-40% 
E)  50%-60% 
A)  1%-5% 
B)  5%-10% 
C)  10%-25% 
D)  30%-40% 
E)  50%-60%

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE of ß-lactams?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are only prescribed for the most drug-resistant forms of Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  They cause a cell to burst open from water pressure. 
C)  Vancomycin is one of the most effective ß-lactams. 
D)  They must be administered with caution because they can damage human tissues with prolonged use. 
E)  They are one of the few classes of drugs that are effective against both bacteria and viruses. 
A)  They are only prescribed for the most drug-resistant forms of Staphylococcus aureus. 
B)  They cause a cell to burst open from water pressure. 
C)  Vancomycin is one of the most effective ß-lactams. 
D)  They must be administered with caution because they can damage human tissues with prolonged use. 
E)  They are one of the few classes of drugs that are effective against both bacteria and viruses.

Question 18

Drug resistance may take which of the following forms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteria may produce ß-lactamases. 
B)  Bacteria may produce proteins that can disable antibiotics. 
C)  Bacteria may produce proteins with altered shapes that antibiotics can no longer bind to. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  Bacteria may produce ß-lactamases. 
B)  Bacteria may produce proteins that can disable antibiotics. 
C)  Bacteria may produce proteins with altered shapes that antibiotics can no longer bind to. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 19

Which statement regarding drug-resistant bacteria is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are more fit for an environment where antibiotics are used frequently. 
B)  The ability to resist antibiotics may cause bacteria to be less fit in other environments where antibiotics are not present. 
C)  Bacteria that are sensitive to antibiotics have a reproductive advantage in all environments. 
D)  Bacteria with alleles for antibiotic resistance can pass that trait on to their offspring. 
E)  The phenotype of a bacterium determines its fitness for an environment where antibiotics are present. 
A)  Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are more fit for an environment where antibiotics are used frequently. 
B)  The ability to resist antibiotics may cause bacteria to be less fit in other environments where antibiotics are not present. 
C)  Bacteria that are sensitive to antibiotics have a reproductive advantage in all environments. 
D)  Bacteria with alleles for antibiotic resistance can pass that trait on to their offspring. 
E)  The phenotype of a bacterium determines its fitness for an environment where antibiotics are present.

Question 20

If the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus fails to form properly,water will enter the cell

Accepted Answer

A)  by the process of osmosis. 
B)  by the process of imbibition. 
C)  by active transport. 
D)  to destroy the bacterial DNA. 
E)  to help maintain the cell's turgor pressure. 
A)  by the process of osmosis. 
B)  by the process of imbibition. 
C)  by active transport. 
D)  to destroy the bacterial DNA. 
E)  to help maintain the cell's turgor pressure.

Exam 13: Natural Selection and Adaptation

Why are antibiotics given to livestock?

Which of the following is TRUE of bacterial reproduction?

If bacterial cells can divide every 20 minutes,how many bacteria will be present after 2 hours if the starting population is 100 cells?

Staphylococcus aureus is a type of

Five different strains of bacterial cultures were grown overnight in a medium containing antibiotics.Of the resulting population densities listed below,which was the most fit?

Which of the following people are at the lowest risk of acquiring MRSA?

All of the following will decrease the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains,EXCEPT

Natural selection causes

Bacterial cell division is known as

MRSA is resistant to

If a bacterium susceptible to ß-lactam antibiotics were placed in an isotonic solution and exposed to antibiotics,

All of the following are reasons to complete a prescribed course of antibiotics,EXCEPT

A highly resistant antibiotic strain of S.aureus would reproduce best in

Which factor is not going to affect how natural selection acts on a given group of organisms?

What percentage of people carry ANY form of Staphylococcus aureus on their skin or in their noses?

Which of the following is TRUE of ß-lactams?

Drug resistance may take which of the following forms?

Which statement regarding drug-resistant bacteria is false?

If the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus fails to form properly,water will enter the cell

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