Question 1

What is a genotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic makeup of an individual 
B)  defined by one's phenotype 
C)  the same as the phenotype 
D)  the measureable or visual traits of an individual 
E)  A and B. 
A)  the genetic makeup of an individual 
B)  defined by one's phenotype 
C)  the same as the phenotype 
D)  the measureable or visual traits of an individual 
E)  A and B.

Question 2

If a trait is not displayed in the phenotype,it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  recessive. 
B)  aa. 
C)  Aa. 
D)  dominant. 
E)  homozygous. 
A)  recessive. 
B)  aa. 
C)  Aa. 
D)  dominant. 
E)  homozygous.

Question 3

A diploid cell of baker's yeast has 32 chromosomes.How many chromosomes are in each of its haploid spores?

Accepted Answer

A)  32 
B)  16 
C)  8 
D)  64 
E)  1 
A)  32 
B)  16 
C)  8 
D)  64 
E)  1

Question 4

What does activation of the CFTR protein cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  a buildup of mucus in the lungs 
B)  disruption of ion flow and water balance 
C)  increased susceptibility to infection 
D)  lung inflammation 
E)  All of the above. 
A)  a buildup of mucus in the lungs 
B)  disruption of ion flow and water balance 
C)  increased susceptibility to infection 
D)  lung inflammation 
E)  All of the above.

Question 5

In diploid organisms,having two homologues of each chromosome can be beneficial if one allele of a gene encodes a nonfunctional protein.Can haploid organisms avoid the negative effects of nonfunctional alleles?

Accepted Answer

A)  No,because there is only one allele for the gene in each cell,and the nonfunctional allele has no other allele to mask it. 
B)  No,because there are two chromosomes each with a single allele that is always the same,and one cannot compensate for the other being nonfunctional. 
C)  Yes,because there is only one allele for the gene in each cell,and the nonfunctional allele will be masked by another allele of a different kind. 
D)  Yes,because there are two chromosomes each with a single allele that is always the same,and one can compensate for the other being nonfunctional. 
E)  Yes,because there are always other alleles for other genes that will compensate for a nonfunctional allele. 
A)  No,because there is only one allele for the gene in each cell,and the nonfunctional allele has no other allele to mask it. 
B)  No,because there are two chromosomes each with a single allele that is always the same,and one cannot compensate for the other being nonfunctional. 
C)  Yes,because there is only one allele for the gene in each cell,and the nonfunctional allele will be masked by another allele of a different kind. 
D)  Yes,because there are two chromosomes each with a single allele that is always the same,and one can compensate for the other being nonfunctional. 
E)  Yes,because there are always other alleles for other genes that will compensate for a nonfunctional allele.

Question 6

In a diploid organism

Accepted Answer

A)  there are two copies of every gene,both inherited from the mother. 
B)  there are two copies of every gene,both inherited from the father. 
C)  there are two copies of every gene,one inherited from the mother and the other from the father. 
D)  there is one copy of every gene,randomly inherited from either mother or father. 
E)  there are only two alleles present in the entire population. 
A)  there are two copies of every gene,both inherited from the mother. 
B)  there are two copies of every gene,both inherited from the father. 
C)  there are two copies of every gene,one inherited from the mother and the other from the father. 
D)  there is one copy of every gene,randomly inherited from either mother or father. 
E)  there are only two alleles present in the entire population.

Question 7

Which phrase accurately describes meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  contains two rounds of division (meiosis I and meiosis II) 
B)  ends with four gametes that are not the same genetically 
C)  takes one diploid cell to make four haploid cells 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these 
A)  contains two rounds of division (meiosis I and meiosis II) 
B)  ends with four gametes that are not the same genetically 
C)  takes one diploid cell to make four haploid cells 
D)  all of these 
E)  none of these

Question 8

Use the following information for this question:
Phenylketonuria is considered to be an inborn error of metabolism.It is a recessive genetic condition in which the enzyme that breaks down the amino acid phenylalanine is defective or missing.Testing of all newborns allows this condition to be detected at birth.A special diet that severely minimizes phenylalanine (e.g. ,by avoiding diet sodas and most usual sources of protein)can treat the condition.
In this scenario,two carriers of both cystic fibrosis and phenylketonuria have a child.
What is the probability that the child will have cystic fibrosis and be a carrier for phenylketonuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.25% 
B)  12.5% 
C)  18.75% 
D)  56.25% 
E)  0% 
A)  6.25% 
B)  12.5% 
C)  18.75% 
D)  56.25% 
E)  0%

Question 9

What is a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  the genetic makeup of an individual 
B)  a person's measurable,or observable,traits 
C)  the type of alleles present in an individual 
D)  an individual's physical appearance 
E)  B and D 
A)  the genetic makeup of an individual 
B)  a person's measurable,or observable,traits 
C)  the type of alleles present in an individual 
D)  an individual's physical appearance 
E)  B and D

Question 10

One of the mutations of the CFTR gene is the result of the deletion of three consecutive nucleotides.This leads to all of the following,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  one missing amino acid. 
B)  incorrect base pairing. 
C)  one missing codon. 
D)  a deformed protein. 
E)  incorrect mRNA. 
A)  one missing amino acid. 
B)  incorrect base pairing. 
C)  one missing codon. 
D)  a deformed protein. 
E)  incorrect mRNA.

Question 11

Two normal individuals have a child who has cystic fibrosis,an autosomal recessive disease.How did this happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mother had two recessive alleles. 
B)  The mother had one recessive allele and one normal allele,and the father had two normal alleles. 
C)  The mother had two normal alleles,and the father had one recessive and one normal allele. 
D)  Each parent had one normal and one recessive allele. 
E)  Both parents had two normal alleles. 
A)  The mother had two recessive alleles. 
B)  The mother had one recessive allele and one normal allele,and the father had two normal alleles. 
C)  The mother had two normal alleles,and the father had one recessive and one normal allele. 
D)  Each parent had one normal and one recessive allele. 
E)  Both parents had two normal alleles.

Question 12

In humans,after meiosis,one diploid cell produces

Accepted Answer

A)  two identical diploid daughter cells. 
B)  two unique haploid daughter cells. 
C)  four unique haploid daughter cells. 
D)  four identical diploid daughter cells. 
E)  four unique diploid daughter cells. 
A)  two identical diploid daughter cells. 
B)  two unique haploid daughter cells. 
C)  four unique haploid daughter cells. 
D)  four identical diploid daughter cells. 
E)  four unique diploid daughter cells.

Question 13

If meiosis were to fail and a cell skipped meiosis I,so that meiosis II was the only meiotic division,how would you describe the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  haploid cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes 
B)  diploid cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes 
C)  haploid cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes 
D)  diploid cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes 
E)  none of the above 
A)  haploid cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes 
B)  diploid cells with 23 pairs of chromosomes 
C)  haploid cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes 
D)  diploid cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes 
E)  none of the above

Question 14

How do the two alleles of the CFTR gene in a lung cell differ?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are inherited from different parents. 
B)  One is on chromosome 7 and one is on chromosome 3. 
C)  Only one is expressed. 
D)  They are inherited from different parents,they are on different chromosomes,and only one is expressed. 
E)  There is no difference because they are both the same gene. 
A)  They are inherited from different parents. 
B)  One is on chromosome 7 and one is on chromosome 3. 
C)  Only one is expressed. 
D)  They are inherited from different parents,they are on different chromosomes,and only one is expressed. 
E)  There is no difference because they are both the same gene.

Question 15

How is the sequence of amino acids in a protein determined?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sequence of amino acids is determined by each individual base in DNA that codes for an amino acid. 
B)  The sequence of amino acids is not dependent on the order of bases in the DNA. 
C)  The amino acids are determined by codons in the DNA,which are read in 3-base increments. 
D)  The sequence of amino acids depends on the protein's function. 
E)  The sequence of amino acids is determined by the properties of each amino acid. 
A)  The sequence of amino acids is determined by each individual base in DNA that codes for an amino acid. 
B)  The sequence of amino acids is not dependent on the order of bases in the DNA. 
C)  The amino acids are determined by codons in the DNA,which are read in 3-base increments. 
D)  The sequence of amino acids depends on the protein's function. 
E)  The sequence of amino acids is determined by the properties of each amino acid.

Question 16

Cystic fibrosis is the result of a nonfunctional protein that regulates

Accepted Answer

A)  mucus production. 
B)  sodium and chloride transfer across cell membranes. 
C)  immune responses to bacterial infections. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  accumulation of particulate matter in the lungs. 
A)  mucus production. 
B)  sodium and chloride transfer across cell membranes. 
C)  immune responses to bacterial infections. 
D)  blood pressure. 
E)  accumulation of particulate matter in the lungs.

Question 17

You have cystic fibrosis (CF)if you have inherited

Accepted Answer

A)  two normal CF alleles. 
B)  two normal and two defective CF alleles. 
C)  two normal and one defective CF alleles. 
D)  one normal and one defective CF allele. 
E)  two defective CF alleles. 
A)  two normal CF alleles. 
B)  two normal and two defective CF alleles. 
C)  two normal and one defective CF alleles. 
D)  one normal and one defective CF allele. 
E)  two defective CF alleles.

Exam 11: Simple Inheritance and Meiosis

What is a genotype?

If a trait is not displayed in the phenotype,it is called

A diploid cell of baker's yeast has 32 chromosomes.How many chromosomes are in each of its haploid spores?

What does activation of the CFTR protein cause?

In diploid organisms,having two homologues of each chromosome can be beneficial if one allele of a gene encodes a nonfunctional protein.Can haploid organisms avoid the negative effects of nonfunctional alleles?

In a diploid organism

Which phrase accurately describes meiosis?

What is a phenotype?

One of the mutations of the CFTR gene is the result of the deletion of three consecutive nucleotides.This leads to all of the following,EXCEPT

Two normal individuals have a child who has cystic fibrosis,an autosomal recessive disease.How did this happen?

In humans,after meiosis,one diploid cell produces

If meiosis were to fail and a cell skipped meiosis I,so that meiosis II was the only meiotic division,how would you describe the resulting cells?

How do the two alleles of the CFTR gene in a lung cell differ?

How is the sequence of amino acids in a protein determined?

Cystic fibrosis is the result of a nonfunctional protein that regulates

You have cystic fibrosis (CF)if you have inherited

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