Question 1

Why do cancer researchers study molecular events associated with mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Although mitosis is a basic process related to genetic and general biological studies,it is also a significant event in the cell cycle.The cell cycle is regulated by a variety of gene products,which,when altered by mutation,may lead to cancer.

Question 2

What two properties do various types of cancer cells share?

Accepted Answer

uncontrolled cell duplication,metastasis

Question 3

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma,how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six 
E) insufficient information to answer this question 
A) one 
B) two 
C) four 
D) six 
E) insufficient information to answer this question B

Question 4

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor-suppressor gene,proto-oncogene,and oncogene.

Accepted Answer

Tumor-suppressor genes normall

Question 5

The genome of humans is remarkably stable,so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When the normal retinoblastoma protein is dephosphorylated,it acts to suppress cell division by binding to and inactivating the E2F transcription factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Accepted Answer

Cyclins combine with a kinase to regulat

Question 8

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

Accepted Answer

The ras gene family encodes a protein th

Question 9

The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being ________,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being ________.

Accepted Answer

heterozygous for the

Question 10

There are two types of retinoblastoma,familial and sporadic.In the familial form,a defective gene is generally inherited from one parent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle.All occur in the S phase.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

When referring to tumor-suppressor genes and cancer,loss of heterozygosity is likely to suppress cancer formation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Describe the general relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer.

Accepted Answer

Control of the cell cycle is dependent o

Question 14

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology.What is p53,and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Mutations in the p53 gene are important

Question 15

A tumor-suppressor gene normally functions to suppress cell division.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following three general mechanisms appear to be involved in the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes?

Accepted Answer

A) point mutations,translocations,overexpression 
B) inversions,translocations,methylation 
C) familial,sporadic,phosphorylation 
D) transdetermination,mutation,allosteric interactions 
E) suppression,tabulation,projection 
A) point mutations,translocations,overexpression 
B) inversions,translocations,methylation 
C) familial,sporadic,phosphorylation 
D) transdetermination,mutation,allosteric interactions 
E) suppression,tabulation,projection

Question 17

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.Which chromosome(s)is(are)involved,and what is the name of the rearrangement?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes 9 and 22 are invol

Question 18

Define cancer at the genetic level.

Accepted Answer

Cancer is a genetic disorder that can re

Question 19

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A) alteration mutations 
B) passenger mutations 
C) carrier mutations 
D) indirect mutations 
E) insignificant mutations 
A) alteration mutations 
B) passenger mutations 
C) carrier mutations 
D) indirect mutations 
E) insignificant mutations

Question 20

The retinoblastoma protein (pRB),like p53,serves as a(n)________ in regulating the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) tumor suppressor 
B) tumor enhancer 
C) up regulator 
D) oncogene 
E) pseudooncogene 
A) tumor suppressor 
B) tumor enhancer 
C) up regulator 
D) oncogene 
E) pseudooncogene

Exam 16: The Genetics of Cancer

Why do cancer researchers study molecular events associated with mitosis?

What two properties do various types of cancer cells share?

In sporadic cases of retinoblastoma,how many gene mutations are thought to be necessary in the same cell for a tumor to develop?

Differentiate among the following types of genes: tumor-suppressor gene,proto-oncogene,and oncogene.

The genome of humans is remarkably stable,so much so that there are no cancers known to result from genomic instability.

When the normal retinoblastoma protein is dephosphorylated,it acts to suppress cell division by binding to and inactivating the E2F transcription factor.

What functional differences exist between various cyclins?

Describe the cellular and molecular function of the ras gene family and the consequences of mutations in ras.

The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being ________,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being ________.

There are two types of retinoblastoma,familial and sporadic.In the familial form,a defective gene is generally inherited from one parent.

There are several checkpoints in the mitotic cell cycle.All occur in the S phase.

When referring to tumor-suppressor genes and cancer,loss of heterozygosity is likely to suppress cancer formation.

Describe the general relationship that may exist between mutations and cancer.

Much has been written about p53 in terms of cancer biology.What is p53,and what is its significance?

A tumor-suppressor gene normally functions to suppress cell division.

Which of the following three general mechanisms appear to be involved in the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes?

Chronic myelogenous leukemia appears to be associated with a chromosomal rearrangement.Which chromosome(s)is(are)involved,and what is the name of the rearrangement?

Define cancer at the genetic level.

Driver mutations provide a growth advantage to a tumor cell.Which type of mutation is known to accumulate in cancer cells but has no direct contribution to the cancer phenotype?

The retinoblastoma protein (pRB),like p53,serves as a(n)________ in regulating the cell cycle.

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Modification of Mendelian Ratios

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

DNA structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,DNA Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics,Bioinformatics,and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Conservation Genetics

Filters

The genetic difference between familial retinoblastoma and sporadic retinoblastoma appears to be based on those with the familial form starting out being ,whereas those with the sporadic form start out being .