Question 1

Define the term fitness and relate it to the meaning of selection coefficient.

Accepted Answer

Fitness is a measure of the proportion of offspring that a particular phenotype will contribute to the next generation; the selection coefficient is the mathematical difference between the actual fitness of a given genotype and the optimal fitness for an individual in a given population.

Question 2

What is the original source of genetic variation in a population? Which natural factors affect changes in this original variation?

Accepted Answer

Mutation is the original source.Chromosomal assortment and crossing over reshuffle combinations of mutations at different loci; forces such as selection,genetic drift,and migration can increase or decrease the frequencies of mutant alleles in populations.

Question 3

Assuming that p = 0.3 for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,what would be the expected frequency of heterozygotes for the involved allelic pair?

Accepted Answer

0.42

Question 4

Assume that a trait is caused by the homozygous state of a gene that is recessive and autosomal.Nine percent of the individuals in a given population express the phenotype caused by this gene.What percentage of the individuals would be heterozygous for the gene? Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume that a trait is caused by...

Question 5

Which would change allele frequencies more quickly: selection against a dominant allele or selection against a recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

selection

Question 6

In small isolated populations,gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably.The term that applies to this circumstance is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) genetic isolation 
B) allelic separation 
C) natural selection 
D) stabilizing selection 
E) genetic drift 
A) genetic isolation 
B) allelic separation 
C) natural selection 
D) stabilizing selection 
E) genetic drift

Question 7

List at least five of the assumptions that pertain to a population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

infinitely large population; r

Question 8

For a given locus,in a population with two alternative alleles,the allele frequencies
p + q = 1.0.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Contrast directional and stabilizing forms of selection.

Accepted Answer

In directional selection,a par

Question 10

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal.Assume that 1 percent of the individuals in a given population are albino.Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,what percentage of the individuals in this population are expected to be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A certain form of albinism in humans...

Question 11

List at least three factors that change gene frequencies in populations.

Accepted Answer

mutation,m

Question 12

In a population of 100 individuals,49 percent are of the NN blood type.What percentage is expected to be MN assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) 9 percent 
B) 21 percent 
C) 42 percent 
D) 51 percent 
E) There is insufficient information to answer this question. 
A) 9 percent 
B) 21 percent 
C) 42 percent 
D) 51 percent 
E) There is insufficient information to answer this question.

Question 13

Genetic drift is primarily associated with relatively small breeding populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Present a rationale for using DNA sequence polymorphisms as an index of genetic diversity.Is genetic diversity directly proportional to evolutionary (phylogenetic)diversity?

Accepted Answer

It is natural to expect that the forces

Question 15

Which single event is probably common to all occurrences of speciation?

Accepted Answer

The generation of reproductive

Question 16

In a population of cattle,the following color distribution was noted: 36 percent red (RR),48 percent roan (Rr),and 16 percent white (rr).Is this population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are met?

Accepted Answer

Yes,it is in equilib

Question 17

List and briefly describe three factors that contribute to the phenomenon of natural selection.

Accepted Answer

genetic variation am

Question 18

Evolution is dependent on genetic diversity in the evolving population.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Migration occurs when individuals move between populations.Considering a single pair of alleles,A and a,which formula is used to indicate the new frequency of A in one generation of migration?

Accepted Answer

pi' = (1 -

Question 20

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

A) electrophoresis 
B) centrifugation 
C) absorption spectrophotometry 
D) fluorometry 
E) in situ hybridization 
A) electrophoresis 
B) centrifugation 
C) absorption spectrophotometry 
D) fluorometry 
E) in situ hybridization

Exam 22: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Define the term fitness and relate it to the meaning of selection coefficient.

What is the original source of genetic variation in a population? Which natural factors affect changes in this original variation?

Assuming that p = 0.3 for a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,what would be the expected frequency of heterozygotes for the involved allelic pair?

Which would change allele frequencies more quickly: selection against a dominant allele or selection against a recessive allele?

In small isolated populations,gene frequencies can fluctuate considerably.The term that applies to this circumstance is ________.

List at least five of the assumptions that pertain to a population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

For a given locus,in a population with two alternative alleles,the allele frequencies p + q = 1.0.

Contrast directional and stabilizing forms of selection.

A certain form of albinism in humans is recessive and autosomal.Assume that 1 percent of the individuals in a given population are albino.Assuming that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,what percentage of the individuals in this population are expected to be heterozygous?

List at least three factors that change gene frequencies in populations.

In a population of 100 individuals,49 percent are of the NN blood type.What percentage is expected to be MN assuming Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium conditions?

Genetic drift is primarily associated with relatively small breeding populations.

Present a rationale for using DNA sequence polymorphisms as an index of genetic diversity.Is genetic diversity directly proportional to evolutionary (phylogenetic)diversity?

Which single event is probably common to all occurrences of speciation?

In a population of cattle,the following color distribution was noted: 36 percent red (RR),48 percent roan (Rr),and 16 percent white (rr).Is this population in a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? What will be the distribution of genotypes in the next generation if the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions are met?

List and briefly describe three factors that contribute to the phenomenon of natural selection.

Evolution is dependent on genetic diversity in the evolving population.

Migration occurs when individuals move between populations.Considering a single pair of alleles,A and a,which formula is used to indicate the new frequency of A in one generation of migration?

Which method is often used to analyze proteins and nucleic acids by physical separation when estimating genetic variation in populations?

Introduction to Genetics

Mitosis and Meiosis

Mendelian Genetics

Modification of Mendelian Ratios

Sex Determination and Sex Chromosomes

Chromosome Mutations: Variation in Number and Arrangement

Linkage and Chromosome Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

DNA structure and Analysis

DNA Replication and Recombination

Chromosome Structure and DNA Sequence Organization

The Genetic Code and Transcription

Translation and Proteins

Gene Mutation,DNA Repair,and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression

The Genetics of Cancer

Recombinant DNA Technology

Genomics,Bioinformatics,and Proteomics

Applications and Ethics of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Developmental Genetics

Quantitative Genetics and Multifactorial Traits

Conservation Genetics

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