Question 1

Briefly explain the Cori cycle.

Accepted Answer

The Cori cycle allows for lactate produc

Question 2

In skeletal muscle:

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids are an essential fuel. 
B) at rest,fatty acids are the preferred fuel. 
C) large quantities of triacylglycerol are stored as fuel. 
D) phosphocreatine can substitute for ATP as the direct source of energy for muscle contraction. 
E) stored muscle glycogen can be converted to glucose and released to replenish blood glucose. 
A) amino acids are an essential fuel. 
B) at rest,fatty acids are the preferred fuel. 
C) large quantities of triacylglycerol are stored as fuel. 
D) phosphocreatine can substitute for ATP as the direct source of energy for muscle contraction. 
E) stored muscle glycogen can be converted to glucose and released to replenish blood glucose.

Question 3

Compare in general terms the effects of epinephrine,glucagon,and insulin on glucose metabolism.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine and glucagon cause an increa

Question 4

Some hormones are derived from amino acids;for example,catecholamines are derived from while NO is derived from .

Accepted Answer

A) tyrosine;arginine 
B) tryptophan;lysine 
C) tyrosine;histidine 
D) tryptophan;arginine 
E) histidine;lysine 
A) tyrosine;arginine 
B) tryptophan;lysine 
C) tyrosine;histidine 
D) tryptophan;arginine 
E) histidine;lysine

Question 5

Which of the following is not a fate of fatty acids in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) Fatty acids are oxidized to generate ATP. 
B) Fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies. 
C) Fatty acids can be converted to cholesterol. 
D) Fatty acids are stored for later use. 
E) Fatty acids are converted to glucose. 
A) Fatty acids are oxidized to generate ATP. 
B) Fatty acids are converted to ketone bodies. 
C) Fatty acids can be converted to cholesterol. 
D) Fatty acids are stored for later use. 
E) Fatty acids are converted to glucose.

Question 6

Which of the following is not involved in triggering insulin from $\beta$-cells release in response to glucose?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduced efflux through ATP-gated K+-channels 
B) Increased concentrations of ATP 
C) cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of lipase 
D) Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate 
E) Increased Ca2+ levels 
A) Reduced efflux through ATP-gated K+-channels 
B) Increased concentrations of ATP 
C) cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of lipase 
D) Phosphorylation of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate 
E) Increased Ca2+ levels

Question 7

Which of the following is not a peptide hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) Grehlin 
B) Insulin 
C) Adiponectin 
D) PPAR$\gamma$ 
E) PYY3-36 
A) Grehlin 
B) Insulin 
C) Adiponectin 
D) PPAR$\gamma$ 
E) PYY3-36

Question 8

Which of the following statements about metabolism in the mammalian liver is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Most plasma lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. 
B) The enzymatic complement of liver tissue changes in response to changes in the diet. 
C) The liver synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body. 
D) The presence of glucose 6-phosphatase makes liver uniquely able to release glucose into the bloodstream. 
E) Under certain conditions,most of the functions of the liver can be performed by other organs. 
A) Most plasma lipoproteins are synthesized in the liver. 
B) The enzymatic complement of liver tissue changes in response to changes in the diet. 
C) The liver synthesizes most of the urea produced in the body. 
D) The presence of glucose 6-phosphatase makes liver uniquely able to release glucose into the bloodstream. 
E) Under certain conditions,most of the functions of the liver can be performed by other organs.

Question 9

Which of the following effects is not mediated by the protein leptin?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased synthesis of uncoupler protein thermogenin 
B) Decreased activity of the enzyme 5´-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 
C) Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system 
D) Increased $\beta$-oxidation 
E) Decreased desire to eat 
A) Increased synthesis of uncoupler protein thermogenin 
B) Decreased activity of the enzyme 5´-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) 
C) Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system 
D) Increased $\beta$-oxidation 
E) Decreased desire to eat

Question 10

Epinephrine triggers an increased rate of glycolysis in muscle by:

Accepted Answer

A) activation of hexokinase. 
B) activation of phosphofructokinase-1. 
C) conversion of glycogen phosphorylase a to glycogen phosphorylase b. 
D) inhibition of the Cori cycle 
E) the Pasteur effect. 
A) activation of hexokinase. 
B) activation of phosphofructokinase-1. 
C) conversion of glycogen phosphorylase a to glycogen phosphorylase b. 
D) inhibition of the Cori cycle 
E) the Pasteur effect.

Question 11

Describe the signaling cascade initiated by leptin binding to its receptor.

Accepted Answer

Binding of leptin to its receptor in the

Question 12

The largest energy store in a well-nourished human is:

Accepted Answer

A) ATP in all tissues. 
B) blood glucose. 
C) liver glycogen. 
D) muscle glycogen. 
E) triacylglycerols in adipose tissue. 
A) ATP in all tissues. 
B) blood glucose. 
C) liver glycogen. 
D) muscle glycogen. 
E) triacylglycerols in adipose tissue.

Question 13

Briefly describe the effects of the hormone adiponectin.

Accepted Answer

Adiponectin is a peptide hormone produce

Question 14

Long-term maintenance of body weight is regulated by the hormone:

Accepted Answer

A) adiposin. 
B) hypothalmin. 
C) leptin. 
D) obesin. 
E) testosterone. 
A) adiposin. 
B) hypothalmin. 
C) leptin. 
D) obesin. 
E) testosterone.

Question 15

When blood glucose is abnormally low,the pancreas releases:

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) glucose. 
D) insulin. 
E) trypsin. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) glucose. 
D) insulin. 
E) trypsin.

Question 16

Glucokinase:

Accepted Answer

A) acts in the conversion of liver glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate. 
B) converts fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate 
C) converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. 
D) is a hexokinase isozyme found in liver hepatocytes. 
E) is found in all mammalian tissues. 
A) acts in the conversion of liver glycogen to glucose 1-phosphate. 
B) converts fructose-6-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate 
C) converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate. 
D) is a hexokinase isozyme found in liver hepatocytes. 
E) is found in all mammalian tissues.

Question 17

Elevated epinephrine levels do not normally stimulate:

Accepted Answer

A) fatty acid mobilization in adipose tissue. 
B) gluconeogenesis in liver. 
C) glycogen breakdown in muscle. 
D) glycogen synthesis in liver. 
E) glycolysis in muscle. 
A) fatty acid mobilization in adipose tissue. 
B) gluconeogenesis in liver. 
C) glycogen breakdown in muscle. 
D) glycogen synthesis in liver. 
E) glycolysis in muscle.

Question 18

Explain the response and the consequences of prolonged fasting on fuel metabolism by the liver.

Accepted Answer

Under conditions of prolonged fasting (i

Question 19

One distinction between peptide and steroid hormones is that peptide hormones:

Accepted Answer

A) act through nonspecific receptors,whereas steroid hormones act through specific receptors. 
B) are generally water-insoluble,whereas steroid hormones are water soluble. 
C) are more stable than steroid hormones. 
D) bind to cell surface receptors,whereas steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors. 
E) bind to their receptors with high affinity,whereas steroid hormones bind with low affinity. 
A) act through nonspecific receptors,whereas steroid hormones act through specific receptors. 
B) are generally water-insoluble,whereas steroid hormones are water soluble. 
C) are more stable than steroid hormones. 
D) bind to cell surface receptors,whereas steroid hormones bind to nuclear receptors. 
E) bind to their receptors with high affinity,whereas steroid hormones bind with low affinity.

Question 20

What is a major problem in isolating a new hormone once a bioassay has been developed?

Accepted Answer

Because hormones are very pote

Exam 23: Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

Briefly explain the Cori cycle.

In skeletal muscle:

Compare in general terms the effects of epinephrine,glucagon,and insulin on glucose metabolism.

Some hormones are derived from amino acids;for example,catecholamines are derived from while NO is derived from .

Which of the following is not a fate of fatty acids in the liver?

Which of the following is not involved in triggering insulin from β\betaβ -cells release in response to glucose?

Which of the following is not a peptide hormone?

Which of the following statements about metabolism in the mammalian liver is false?

Which of the following effects is not mediated by the protein leptin?

Epinephrine triggers an increased rate of glycolysis in muscle by:

Describe the signaling cascade initiated by leptin binding to its receptor.

The largest energy store in a well-nourished human is:

Briefly describe the effects of the hormone adiponectin.

Long-term maintenance of body weight is regulated by the hormone:

When blood glucose is abnormally low,the pancreas releases:

Glucokinase:

Elevated epinephrine levels do not normally stimulate:

Explain the response and the consequences of prolonged fasting on fuel metabolism by the liver.

One distinction between peptide and steroid hormones is that peptide hormones:

What is a major problem in isolating a new hormone once a bioassay has been developed?

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Principles of Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Which of the following is not involved in triggering insulin from $\beta$ -cells release in response to glucose?