Question 1

How do hormonal cascades result in large amplification of the original signal?

Accepted Answer

At each level,a small quantity of the si

Question 2

Which of the following is not a fate of amino acids in the liver?

Accepted Answer

A) Amino acids are incorporated into new proteins. 
B) Nitrogen equivalents from amino acids are converted to urea. 
C) Carbon equivalents from amino acids are converted to glucose. 
D) Amino acids are stored for later use. 
E) Amino acids serve as precursors to nucleotide biosynthesis. 
A) Amino acids are incorporated into new proteins. 
B) Nitrogen equivalents from amino acids are converted to urea. 
C) Carbon equivalents from amino acids are converted to glucose. 
D) Amino acids are stored for later use. 
E) Amino acids serve as precursors to nucleotide biosynthesis.

Question 3

Which class of hormones acts via nuclear receptors? Give an example of this type of hormone and briefly describe its mode of action.

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormones.Examples are the sex ho

Question 4

Provide three distinguishing characteristics between white adipose tissue (WAT)and brown adipose tissue (BAT).

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include: (1)WAT is more

Question 5

When blood glucose is abnormally high,the pancreas releases:

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) glucose. 
D) insulin. 
E) trypsin. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) glucagon. 
C) glucose. 
D) insulin. 
E) trypsin.

Question 6

An elevated insulin level in the blood:

Accepted Answer

A) inhibits glucose uptake by the liver. 
B) inhibits glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle. 
C) results from a below-normal blood glucose level. 
D) stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver. 
E) stimulates synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the liver. 
A) inhibits glucose uptake by the liver. 
B) inhibits glycogen synthesis in the liver and muscle. 
C) results from a below-normal blood glucose level. 
D) stimulates glycogen breakdown in liver. 
E) stimulates synthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols in the liver.

Question 7

An example of an eicosanoid hormone is:

Accepted Answer

A) epinephrine. 
B) retinoic acid. 
C) testosterone. 
D) thromboxane. 
E) thyroxine. 
A) epinephrine. 
B) retinoic acid. 
C) testosterone. 
D) thromboxane. 
E) thyroxine.

Question 8

In skeletal muscle,phosphocreatine functions as:

Accepted Answer

A) a reservoir of Pi for mitochondria. 
B) reservoir of high-energy of phosphate to replenish ATP. 
C) reservoir of amino acids for 
D) an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. 
E) None of the above 
A) a reservoir of Pi for mitochondria. 
B) reservoir of high-energy of phosphate to replenish ATP. 
C) reservoir of amino acids for 
D) an electron acceptor under anaerobic conditions. 
E) None of the above

Question 9

Describe five possible fates for fatty acids in the liver.

Accepted Answer

Possible answers include:
(1)conversion

Question 10

The radioimmunossay (RIA)is based on competition of unlabeled and radiolabeled:

Accepted Answer

A) antibodies for binding to a hormone. 
B) antibodies for binding to a receptor. 
C) hormone for binding to a receptor. 
D) hormone for binding to an antibody. 
E) receptor for binding to a hormone. 
A) antibodies for binding to a hormone. 
B) antibodies for binding to a receptor. 
C) hormone for binding to a receptor. 
D) hormone for binding to an antibody. 
E) receptor for binding to a hormone.

Question 11

Explain the signaling pathway by which an increase in blood glucose causes the release of insulin from pancreatic $\beta$-cells.

Accepted Answer

Glucose in the blood is transported into

Question 12

Insulin is an example of a(n)____________ hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) catecholamine 
B) eicosanoid 
C) paracrine 
D) peptide 
E) steroid 
A) catecholamine 
B) eicosanoid 
C) paracrine 
D) peptide 
E) steroid

Question 13

The maturation of insulin from its precursor (preproinsulin)involves:

Accepted Answer

A) acetylation. 
B) oxidation. 
C) phosphorylation. 
D) proteolysis. 
E) reduction. 
A) acetylation. 
B) oxidation. 
C) phosphorylation. 
D) proteolysis. 
E) reduction.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a mechanism for treating diabetes?

Accepted Answer

A) Increasing TAG by weight loss 
B) Activating AMPK through exercise 
C) Activating AMPK by taking metformins 
D) Activating PPAR$\gamma$ through rosiglitazone 
E) Stimulating insulin secretion by taking sulfonylureas 
A) Increasing TAG by weight loss 
B) Activating AMPK through exercise 
C) Activating AMPK by taking metformins 
D) Activating PPAR$\gamma$ through rosiglitazone 
E) Stimulating insulin secretion by taking sulfonylureas

Question 15

In anaerobic skeletal muscle,breakdown of glycogen yields ____ ATP per glucose equivalent.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 32 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 32

Exam 23: Integration and Hormonal Regulation of Mammalian Metabolism

How do hormonal cascades result in large amplification of the original signal?

Which of the following is not a fate of amino acids in the liver?

Which class of hormones acts via nuclear receptors? Give an example of this type of hormone and briefly describe its mode of action.

Provide three distinguishing characteristics between white adipose tissue (WAT)and brown adipose tissue (BAT).

When blood glucose is abnormally high,the pancreas releases:

An elevated insulin level in the blood:

An example of an eicosanoid hormone is:

In skeletal muscle,phosphocreatine functions as:

Describe five possible fates for fatty acids in the liver.

The radioimmunossay (RIA)is based on competition of unlabeled and radiolabeled:

Explain the signaling pathway by which an increase in blood glucose causes the release of insulin from pancreatic β\betaβ -cells.

Insulin is an example of a(n)____________ hormone.

The maturation of insulin from its precursor (preproinsulin)involves:

Which of the following is not a mechanism for treating diabetes?

In anaerobic skeletal muscle,breakdown of glycogen yields ____ ATP per glucose equivalent.

The Foundations of Biochemistry

Water

Amino Acids, peptides, and Proteins

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Function

Enzymes

Carbohydrates and Glycobiology

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Recombinant Dna Technology

Lipids

Biological Membranes and Transport

Biosignaling

Principles of Bioenergetics

Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Principles of Metabolic Regulation

The Citric Acid Cycle

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea

Oxidative Phosphorylation and Photophosphorylation

Carbohydrate Biosynthesis in Plants and Bacteria

Lipid Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, nucleotides, and Related Molecules

Genes and Chromosomes

Dna Metabolism

Rna Metabolism

Protein Metabolism

Regulation of Gene Expression

Filters

Explain the signaling pathway by which an increase in blood glucose causes the release of insulin from pancreatic $\beta$ -cells.