Exam 6: Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

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Given enough time, sucrose can spontaneously break down into fructose and glucose in a glass of water.

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Methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol, is a common solvent and paint remover. It is poisonous if accidentally swallowed. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts methyl alcohol into formaldehyde, which then gets converted into a toxic product. Grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol, is also acted upon by alcohol dehydrogenase. One antidote for methyl alcohol poisoning is to make a person drink a lot of ethyl alcohol. This blocks the active site of the enzyme so that it can't bind to and break down the methyl alcohol. In this capacity, the ethyl alcohol is acting as a/an:

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When a product binds to an allosteric enzyme to slow its reaction, it does which of the following?

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In the following reaction, which of the following is an example of a substrate? Lactase Lactose → Glucose + Galactose

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Explain why enzymes are involved in exergonic reactions, such as lactose breaking down into glucose and galactose, and whether these reactions can occur spontaneously.

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When we metabolize our food, we produce heat that helps to keep us warm. Which of the following best describes why?

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Living things are highly ordered. So why does life not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

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Kinetic energy is ________ and potential energy is ________.

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Which of the following is true of energy?

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Which of the following is exergonic?

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Why is allosteric regulation important to a cell?

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Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.

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What is the energy currency of cells?

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Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis, which is a metabolic pathway involved in ATP production. It can be allosterically regulated by both ATP and ADP. Why is regulating the activity of this enzyme important? Predict what will happen to the rate of reaction when ATP levels in the cell are high, and predict what will happen when the levels of ADP in the cell are high.

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The diversity of chemical reactions occurring in a cell depends mostly on certain molecules present in the cells, which are called:

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Which of the following has the most entropy?

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Coenzymes:

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