Question 1

Given enough time, sucrose can spontaneously break down into fructose and glucose in a glass of water.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Methyl alcohol, also known as wood alcohol, is a common solvent and paint remover. It is poisonous if accidentally swallowed. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver converts methyl alcohol into formaldehyde, which then gets converted into a toxic product. Grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol, is also acted upon by alcohol dehydrogenase. One antidote for methyl alcohol poisoning is to make a person drink a lot of ethyl alcohol. This blocks the active site of the enzyme so that it can't bind to and break down the methyl alcohol. In this capacity, the ethyl alcohol is acting as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  allosteric regulator. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  competitive inhibtor. 
D)  precursor. 
A)  allosteric regulator. 
B)  coenzyme. 
C)  competitive inhibtor. 
D)  precursor.

Question 3

When a product binds to an allosteric enzyme to slow its reaction, it does which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  binds to the active site, blocking the binding of substrate 
B)  binds to a site other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site and decreasing the binding of substrate 
C)  binds to the substrate, blocking its binding of the active site 
D)  binds to the product production site, stopping the production of product 
A)  binds to the active site, blocking the binding of substrate 
B)  binds to a site other than the active site, changing the shape of the active site and decreasing the binding of substrate 
C)  binds to the substrate, blocking its binding of the active site 
D)  binds to the product production site, stopping the production of product

Question 4

In the following reaction, which of the following is an example of a substrate? Lactase
Lactose → Glucose + Galactose

Accepted Answer

A)  galactose 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactose 
D)  lactase 
A)  galactose 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactose 
D)  lactase

Question 5

Explain why enzymes are involved in exergonic reactions, such as lactose breaking down into glucose and galactose, and whether these reactions can occur spontaneously.

Accepted Answer

Although these reactions are e

Question 6

When we metabolize our food, we produce heat that helps to keep us warm. Which of the following best describes why?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chewing is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat when we eat food. 
B)  When we break down food, all energy in the food is directly released in the form of heat. 
C)  Producing ATP from ADP is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat. 
D)  When we break down our food, the reactions are not 100 percent efficient; therefore, energy is lost as heat. 
A)  Chewing is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat when we eat food. 
B)  When we break down food, all energy in the food is directly released in the form of heat. 
C)  Producing ATP from ADP is exothermic; therefore, energy is released in the form of heat. 
D)  When we break down our food, the reactions are not 100 percent efficient; therefore, energy is lost as heat.

Question 7

Living things are highly ordered. So why does life not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Life can only violate the first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  Life only needs to follow the first law of thermodynamics. 
C)  Life takes in energy to maintain order and, in doing so, decreases order elsewhere. 
D)  Life gives off energy to maintain order and, in doing so, decreases order elsewhere. 
A)  Life can only violate the first law of thermodynamics. 
B)  Life only needs to follow the first law of thermodynamics. 
C)  Life takes in energy to maintain order and, in doing so, decreases order elsewhere. 
D)  Life gives off energy to maintain order and, in doing so, decreases order elsewhere.

Question 8

Kinetic energy is ________ and potential energy is ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stored energy; energy that is being used 
B)  stored energy; energy that can't be used 
C)  energy that can't be used; stored energy 
D)  energy that is being used; stored energy 
A)  stored energy; energy that is being used 
B)  stored energy; energy that can't be used 
C)  energy that can't be used; stored energy 
D)  energy that is being used; stored energy

Question 9

Which of the following is true of energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It can be stored in chemical bonds. 
B)  It can be released by forming chemical bonds. 
C)  It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency. 
D)  It can be created from nothing. 
A)  It can be stored in chemical bonds. 
B)  It can be released by forming chemical bonds. 
C)  It can be transferred from one form to another with 100 percent efficiency. 
D)  It can be created from nothing.

Question 10

Which of the following is exergonic?

Accepted Answer

A)  bringing glucose molecules together to form glycogen 
B)  plants producing glucose from CO2 
C)  bringing amino acids together to form proteins 
D)  cells breaking down glucose into CO2 
A)  bringing glucose molecules together to form glycogen 
B)  plants producing glucose from CO2 
C)  bringing amino acids together to form proteins 
D)  cells breaking down glucose into CO2

Question 11

Why is allosteric regulation important to a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  It allows the cell to control how much of a metabolic product is produced. 
B)  It allows the cell to switch to other sources of energy besides ATP. 
C)  It reduces the cell's need for coenzymes. 
D)  It allows the cell to control how much activation energy is required for enzymatic reactions. 
A)  It allows the cell to control how much of a metabolic product is produced. 
B)  It allows the cell to switch to other sources of energy besides ATP. 
C)  It reduces the cell's need for coenzymes. 
D)  It allows the cell to control how much activation energy is required for enzymatic reactions.

Question 12

Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.

Accepted Answer

A)  energy 
B)  disorder 
C)  work 
D)  order 
E)  heat 
A)  energy 
B)  disorder 
C)  work 
D)  order 
E)  heat

Question 13

What is the energy currency of cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  glucose 
C)  enzymes 
D)  ADP 
E)  vitamins 
A)  ATP 
B)  glucose 
C)  enzymes 
D)  ADP 
E)  vitamins

Question 14

Phosphofructokinase is an enzyme involved in glycolysis, which is a metabolic pathway involved in ATP production. It can be allosterically regulated by both ATP and ADP. Why is regulating the activity of this enzyme important? Predict what will happen to the rate of reaction when ATP levels in the cell are high, and predict what will happen when the levels of ADP in the cell are high.

Accepted Answer

When ATP levels in the cell are high, th

Question 15

The diversity of chemical reactions occurring in a cell depends mostly on certain molecules present in the cells, which are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  enzymes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  cofactors. 
D)  coenzymes. 
E)  ribozymes. 
A)  enzymes. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  cofactors. 
D)  coenzymes. 
E)  ribozymes.

Question 16

Which of the following has the most entropy?

Accepted Answer

A)  steam 
B)  snow 
C)  an ice cube 
D)  hot water 
E)  liquid water 
A)  steam 
B)  snow 
C)  an ice cube 
D)  hot water 
E)  liquid water

Question 17

Coenzymes:

Accepted Answer

A)  serve as catalysts. 
B)  make proteins. 
C)  help enzymes to function. 
D)  break down sugars. 
A)  serve as catalysts. 
B)  make proteins. 
C)  help enzymes to function. 
D)  break down sugars.

Exam 6: Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

Given enough time, sucrose can spontaneously break down into fructose and glucose in a glass of water.

When a product binds to an allosteric enzyme to slow its reaction, it does which of the following?

In the following reaction, which of the following is an example of a substrate? Lactase Lactose → Glucose + Galactose

Explain why enzymes are involved in exergonic reactions, such as lactose breaking down into glucose and galactose, and whether these reactions can occur spontaneously.

When we metabolize our food, we produce heat that helps to keep us warm. Which of the following best describes why?

Living things are highly ordered. So why does life not violate the second law of thermodynamics?

Kinetic energy is ________ and potential energy is ________.

Which of the following is true of energy?

Which of the following is exergonic?

Why is allosteric regulation important to a cell?

Entropy is the measure of ________ in a system.

What is the energy currency of cells?

The diversity of chemical reactions occurring in a cell depends mostly on certain molecules present in the cells, which are called:

Which of the following has the most entropy?

Coenzymes:

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, Translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late, Traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi : the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

Filters

Kinetic energy is and potential energy is .