Question 1

You have a friend who tells you she is lactose intolerant. She asks you to explain what this means. You say to her:

Accepted Answer

A)  "You cannot digest milk because you cannot absorb it in your intestines." 
B)  "You are allergic to milk." 
C)  "You cannot digest milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the sugar in the milk." 
D)  "You cannot digest the milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the protein in the milk." 
E)  "You cannot digest the milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the lipid in the milk." 
A)  "You cannot digest milk because you cannot absorb it in your intestines." 
B)  "You are allergic to milk." 
C)  "You cannot digest milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the sugar in the milk." 
D)  "You cannot digest the milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the protein in the milk." 
E)  "You cannot digest the milk because you do not have the enzyme to break down the lipid in the milk."

Question 2

Glucose can be broken down to provide energy for the beating of cilia. Therefore, the glucose must contain:

Accepted Answer

A)  potential energy. 
B)  kinetic energy. 
C)  heat energy. 
D)  entropy. 
A)  potential energy. 
B)  kinetic energy. 
C)  heat energy. 
D)  entropy.

Question 3

Metabolism is the sum of all the:

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP a cell contains. 
B)  energy a cell uses. 
C)  chemical reactions that a cell carries out. 
D)  vitamins a cell contains. 
E)  enzymes a cell contains. 
A)  ATP a cell contains. 
B)  energy a cell uses. 
C)  chemical reactions that a cell carries out. 
D)  vitamins a cell contains. 
E)  enzymes a cell contains.

Question 4

Individuals with the genetic disease phenylketonuria (PKU) lack a single enzyme called phenylalanine hydroxylase, which converts the amino acid phenylalanine to the amino acid tyrosine. If this conversion does not happen, phenylalanine builds up and becomes toxic to the central nervous system, causing serious problems for the individual. The management of this disease is to avoid phenylalanine by severely limiting the amount of protein in the diet. How would this help?

Accepted Answer

Because phenylalanine is an amino acid,

Question 5

Which of the following describes a transition state molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the distorted shape the product takes while being released from the enzyme 
B)  the distorted shape the substrate takes when being converted by an enzyme into product 
C)  the distorted shape the enzyme takes when converting substrate into product 
D)  the distorted shape a coenzyme takes while it is bound to an enzyme 
A)  the distorted shape the product takes while being released from the enzyme 
B)  the distorted shape the substrate takes when being converted by an enzyme into product 
C)  the distorted shape the enzyme takes when converting substrate into product 
D)  the distorted shape a coenzyme takes while it is bound to an enzyme

Question 6

Which law of thermodynamics explains the fact that we must eat to gain the energy to perform the functions of life, such as breathing?

Accepted Answer

A)  second law 
B)  fourth law 
C)  fifth law 
D)  first law 
E)  third law 
A)  second law 
B)  fourth law 
C)  fifth law 
D)  first law 
E)  third law

Question 7

The regulation of an enzyme's activity by means of a molecule binding to a site on the enzyme other than its active site is called ________.

Accepted Answer

allosteric

Question 8

Cells can harvest the energy released during exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

You work hard to pedal your bicycle up a steep hill. You rest when you get to the top, then you let your bicycle roll quickly down the other side of the hill. You converted ________ energy into ________ energy, then you converted it back into ________ energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  potential; kinetic; potential 
B)  kinetic; potential; kinetic 
C)  heat; kinetic; heat 
D)  heat; potential; heat 
A)  potential; kinetic; potential 
B)  kinetic; potential; kinetic 
C)  heat; kinetic; heat 
D)  heat; potential; heat

Question 10

Explain why it takes energy to create starch from glucose, but it does not take energy to create glucose from starch. In your explanation, describe the law of thermodynamics that explains this, and describe how.

Accepted Answer

Creating starch requires energ

Question 11

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. 
B)  Many activities in living organisms require multiple enzymes. 
C)  One enzyme will work on many different substrate molecules to produce many different products. 
D)  They can carry out hundreds of chemical transformations per second. 
A)  They accelerate the rate of chemical reactions. 
B)  Many activities in living organisms require multiple enzymes. 
C)  One enzyme will work on many different substrate molecules to produce many different products. 
D)  They can carry out hundreds of chemical transformations per second.

Question 12

Gasoline will not burn in your car's engine unless it is ignited with a spark from a sparkplug. In this situation, the spark is providing:

Accepted Answer

A)  activation energy. 
B)  hydrolytic energy. 
C)  coenzyme energy. 
D)  enzymatic energy. 
E)  entropy. 
A)  activation energy. 
B)  hydrolytic energy. 
C)  coenzyme energy. 
D)  enzymatic energy. 
E)  entropy.

Question 13

Most enzymes are:

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  vitamins. 
E)  carbohydrates. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  nucleic acids. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  vitamins. 
E)  carbohydrates.

Question 14

What makes an enzyme a catalyst?

Accepted Answer

A)  its ability to change shape to fit the substrate 
B)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but can only be used once 
C)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but becomes changed by the reaction 
D)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed by the reaction 
E)  its amino acids 
A)  its ability to change shape to fit the substrate 
B)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but can only be used once 
C)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but becomes changed by the reaction 
D)  it speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed by the reaction 
E)  its amino acids

Question 15

Which of the following is endergonic?

Accepted Answer

A)  cells breaking down glucose into CO2 
B)  the burning of wood 
C)  the digestion of proteins in the stomach 
D)  breaking bonds in starch to produce glucose 
E)  the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water 
A)  cells breaking down glucose into CO2 
B)  the burning of wood 
C)  the digestion of proteins in the stomach 
D)  breaking bonds in starch to produce glucose 
E)  the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water

Question 16

Energy present in a system that is not usable to do work relates to the system's:

Accepted Answer

A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  equilibrium. 
C)  work. 
D)  entropy. 
E)  temperature. 
A)  thermodynamics. 
B)  equilibrium. 
C)  work. 
D)  entropy. 
E)  temperature.

Question 17

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
C)  all living organisms must eat to derive energy. 
D)  in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state. 
A)  energy is required to bring molecules into a cell against a concentration gradient. 
B)  energy can be neither created nor destroyed. 
C)  all living organisms must eat to derive energy. 
D)  in energy-yielding reactions, matter goes from a more-ordered to a less-ordered state.

Question 18

During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide. However, plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy. This is an illustration of:

Accepted Answer

A)  spontaneous reaction. 
B)  chemical equilibrium. 
C)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
D)  the first law of thermodynamics. 
E)  increasing entropy. 
A)  spontaneous reaction. 
B)  chemical equilibrium. 
C)  the second law of thermodynamics. 
D)  the first law of thermodynamics. 
E)  increasing entropy.

Question 19

Enzymes work to speed up a chemical reaction by:

Accepted Answer

A)  supplying the energy needed for the reaction. 
B)  increasing the activation energy of the reaction. 
C)  lowering the activation energy of the reaction. 
D)  attaching coenzymes to the substrate. 
E)  heating up the substrate. 
A)  supplying the energy needed for the reaction. 
B)  increasing the activation energy of the reaction. 
C)  lowering the activation energy of the reaction. 
D)  attaching coenzymes to the substrate. 
E)  heating up the substrate.

Question 20

Allosteric regulation depends on inhibitors binding to the active site of enzymes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 6: Lifes Mainspring: an Introduction to Energy

You have a friend who tells you she is lactose intolerant. She asks you to explain what this means. You say to her:

Glucose can be broken down to provide energy for the beating of cilia. Therefore, the glucose must contain:

Metabolism is the sum of all the:

Which of the following describes a transition state molecule?

Which law of thermodynamics explains the fact that we must eat to gain the energy to perform the functions of life, such as breathing?

The regulation of an enzyme's activity by means of a molecule binding to a site on the enzyme other than its active site is called ________.

Cells can harvest the energy released during exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions.

You work hard to pedal your bicycle up a steep hill. You rest when you get to the top, then you let your bicycle roll quickly down the other side of the hill. You converted ________ energy into ________ energy, then you converted it back into ________ energy.

Explain why it takes energy to create starch from glucose, but it does not take energy to create glucose from starch. In your explanation, describe the law of thermodynamics that explains this, and describe how.

Which of the following statements concerning enzymes is false?

Gasoline will not burn in your car's engine unless it is ignited with a spark from a sparkplug. In this situation, the spark is providing:

Most enzymes are:

What makes an enzyme a catalyst?

Which of the following is endergonic?

Energy present in a system that is not usable to do work relates to the system's:

The second law of thermodynamics states that:

During photosynthesis, plants use light energy to synthesize glucose from carbon dioxide. However, plants do not use up energy during photosynthesis; they merely convert it from light energy to chemical energy. This is an illustration of:

Enzymes work to speed up a chemical reaction by:

Allosteric regulation depends on inhibitors binding to the active site of enzymes.

Science As a Way of Learning: a Guide to the Natural World

Fundamental Building Blocks: Chemistry, Water, and Ph

Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Lifes Home: the Cell

Lifes Border: the Plasma Membrane

Vital Harvest: Deriving Energy From Food

The Green Worlds Gift: Photosynthesis

The Links in Lifes Chain: Genetics and Cell Division

Preparing for Sexual Reproduction: Meiosis

The First Geneticist: Mendel and His Discoveries

Units of Heredity: Chromosomes and Inheritance

Passing on Lifes Information: Dna Structure and Replication

How Proteins Are Made: Genetic Transcription, Translation, and Regulation

The Future Isnt What It Used to Be: Biotechnology

An Introduction to Evolution: Charles Darwin, Evolutionary Thought, and the Evidence for Evolution

The Means of Evolution: Microevolution

The Outcomes of Evolution: Macroevolution

A Slow Unfolding: the History of Life on Earth

Arriving Late, Traveling Far: the Evolution of Human Beings

Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, and Protists: the Diversity of Life 1

Fungi : the Diversity of Life 2

Animals: the Diversity of Life 3

Plants: the Diversity of Life 4

The Angiosperms: Form and Function in Flowering Plants

Body Support and Movement: the Integumentary, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Communication and Control 1: the Nervous System

Communication and Control 2: the Endocrine System

Defending the Body: the Immune System

Transport and Exchange 1: Blood and Breath

Transport and Exchange 2: Digestion, Nutrition, and Elimination

An Amazingly Detailed Script: Animal Development

How the Baby Came to Be: Human Reproduction

An Interactive Living World 1: Populations in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 2: Communities in Ecology

An Interactive Living World 3: Ecosystems and Biomes

Filters

You work hard to pedal your bicycle up a steep hill. You rest when you get to the top, then you let your bicycle roll quickly down the other side of the hill. You converted energy into energy, then you converted it back into energy.