Question 1

Which of the following is true about the relationship of SEM to multiple regression techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) SEM is similar to multiple regression when exogenous constructs are used to predict endogenous constructs. 
B) It is different from multiple regression because the dependent construct in one relationship may become the independent construct. 
C) It is different from multiple regression because the all of the equation are estimated simultaneously. 
D) A and C are correct. 
E) A,B and C are correct. 
A) SEM is similar to multiple regression when exogenous constructs are used to predict endogenous constructs. 
B) It is different from multiple regression because the dependent construct in one relationship may become the independent construct. 
C) It is different from multiple regression because the all of the equation are estimated simultaneously. 
D) A and C are correct. 
E) A,B and C are correct. E

Question 2

SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the difference between the observed and estimated covariance matrices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Describe the assessment of discriminant validity in a measurement model.

Accepted Answer

In order to establish discriminant validity,we must show that the construct is distinct from other constructs and thus makes a unique contribution.First,individual observed variables should load on only one latent construct.Cross-loadings indicate lack of distinctiveness and present potential problems in establishing discriminant validity.
One formal way to show distinctiveness is to set the correlation between any two constructs as equal to one,i.e. ,we are specifying that observed variables measuring the two constructs might as well be represented by only one construct.Evidence of discriminant validity is obtained if the fit of the two-construct model is significantly better than the fit of the one-construct model.However,this actually turns out to be a weak test as significant fit differences may be obtained even when the correlations between the two constructs are very high.
An alternative test of discriminant validity is based on the logic that a construct should explain its observed variables better than it explains any other construct.This test is conducted by showing that the average variance extracted is greater than the square of the correlations.Equivalently,discriminant validity is achieved if the square root of the average variance extracted is larger than correlation coefficients.

Question 4

SEM models are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

SEM is distinguished by the explaining of the covariance among the measured items or observed variables.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Dependence relationships are represented with one-headed straight arrows in a path model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following is not a fit measure?

Accepted Answer

A) RMSR 
B) SRMR 
C) GFI 
D) TFI 
E) CFI 
A) RMSR 
B) SRMR 
C) GFI 
D) TFI 
E) CFI

Question 8

Dependence relationships are represented with two-headed curved arrows in a path model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

PNFI statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The impact of the average error variance of indicators can be understood in terms of communality.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Describe path analysis and its relationship to SEM.

Accepted Answer

Path analysis (PA)can be viewed as a spe

Question 12

Once the validity of the measurement model has been established,you can proceed with the specification of structural model.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Convergent validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

CFI is an incremental fit index.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other,the path between those two constructs should be ________.

Accepted Answer

A) free 
B) fixed 
C) assigned a value of 1 
D) estimated 
E) none of the above 
A) free 
B) fixed 
C) assigned a value of 1 
D) estimated 
E) none of the above

Question 16

In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the error terms are correlated with each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

SEM can be thought of as a combination of Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In moving from the measurement model to the structural model ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the error terms are correlated with each other 
B) the emphasis shifts from the relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs 
C) the exogenous constructs each become endogenous 
D) the endogenous constructs become exogenous 
E) none of the above 
A) the error terms are correlated with each other 
B) the emphasis shifts from the relationships between latent constructs and measured variables to the nature and magnitude of the relationships between constructs 
C) the exogenous constructs each become endogenous 
D) the endogenous constructs become exogenous 
E) none of the above

Question 19

The baseline model that is commonly used is the null model that is based on the assumption that the observed variables are uncorrelated.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The size of the loading estimates considered significant is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 22: Structural Equation Modeling and Path Analysis

Which of the following is true about the relationship of SEM to multiple regression techniques?

SEM models are estimated so as to minimize the difference between the observed and estimated covariance matrices.

Describe the assessment of discriminant validity in a measurement model.

SEM models are estimated so as to maximize the likelihood function.

SEM is distinguished by the explaining of the covariance among the measured items or observed variables.

Dependence relationships are represented with one-headed straight arrows in a path model.

Which of the following is not a fit measure?

Dependence relationships are represented with two-headed curved arrows in a path model.

PNFI statistic is most useful for comparing nested models.

The impact of the average error variance of indicators can be understood in terms of communality.

Describe path analysis and its relationship to SEM.

Once the validity of the measurement model has been established,you can proceed with the specification of structural model.

Convergent validity is established when the measured items are conceptually consistent with a construct definition.

CFI is an incremental fit index.

When two constructs are theoretically unrelated to each other,the path between those two constructs should be ________.

In moving from the measurement model to the structural model the error terms are correlated with each other.

SEM can be thought of as a combination of Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.

In moving from the measurement model to the structural model ________.

The baseline model that is commonly used is the null model that is based on the assumption that the observed variables are uncorrelated.

The size of the loading estimates considered significant is a difference contrasting EFA with CFA.

Introduction to Marketing Research

Defining the Marketing Research Problem and Developing an Approach

Research Design

Exploratory Research Design: Secondary Data

Exploratory Research Design: Qualitative Research

Descriptive Research Design: Survey and Observation

Causal Research Design: Experimentation

Measurement and Scaling: Fundamentals and Comparative Scaling

Measurement and Scaling: Noncomparative Scaling Techniques

Questionnaire and Form Design

Sampling: Design and Procedures

Sampling: Final and Initial Sample Size Determination

Fieldwork

Data Preparation

Frequency Distribution,cross-Tabulation,and Hypothesis Testing

Analysis of Variance and Covariance

Correlation and Regression

Discriminant and Logit Analysis

Factor Analysis

Cluster Analysis

Multidimensional Scaling and Conjoint Analysis

Report Preparation and Presentation

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