Exam 12: More About One-Factor Experiments

A manipulation of an ______ variable involves researcher control of the administration of the levels of the variable to the participants.

______ can be used to counter group differences.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a within-subjects experiment.

Describe the advantages and disadvantages of a between-subjects experiment.

Diana has an independent variable with three levels. She uses a Latin-square design to help ensure that the orders in which participants experience the levels of the independent variable occur equally as often across participants. She is ______ the order of treatments.

An independent variable is ______.

Between-subjects designs require more participants than within-subjects designs.

Much of the research in the ______ area is focused on understanding factors that influence memory, perception, language processes, and decision-making.

Random assignment is a means of controlling for participant differences across groups and ______ the internal validity of the experiment.

______ effects occur when the order in which the participants experience conditions in an experiment affects the results of the study.

A participant's gender, personality, and smoking status ______ be independent variables.

The manipulation of an independent variable in an experiment allows the researcher to learn about the causal relationship between the independent and dependent variables.

In within-subjects manipulations, each participant receives ______ levels of the independent variable.

A(n) ______ variable is manipulated such that participants are randomly assigned to levels.

The presence of extraneous factors in a study that affect the dependent variable and can decrease the internal validity of the study is called ______.

There are areas of psychology where experiments are used more often than in others including the following except for ______.

Latin Squares can be useful for within-subjects designs where independent variables have the same number of levels.

When participants are randomly assigned to levels of the independent variable in an experiment to control for individual differences as an extraneous variable, this is called ______.

To account for possible confounds, Zula assigns to the control group and experimental group one male with high math scores, and one male with low math scores and the same with female students. This appears that Zula is using ______ to control confounds.

To simplify the counterbalancing, a partial counterbalancing technique, called a ______ square, can be used.