Question 1

Which of the following is an area where primary succession would occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  recently formed volcanic lava 
B)  a clear-cut area 
C)  an abandoned field 
D)  an area cleared by a tornado 
A)  recently formed volcanic lava 
B)  a clear-cut area 
C)  an abandoned field 
D)  an area cleared by a tornado A

Question 2

List and describe three animal prey defenses against predators.

Accepted Answer

When confronted by a predator, animals have many defensive adaptations. Woodchucks flee into their underground burrows. Porcupines and turtles have mechanical defenses, barbed quills and hard shells. Some animals live in groups for protection. This social behavior decreases the likelihood of a predator catching one of them. The South American poison arrow frog has poison glands in its skin and bright warning coloration. Other animals use camouflage to blend into their surroundings to hide from predators.

Question 3

All of the following traits are characteristic of predators except:

Accepted Answer

A)  having a large brain size in relationship to body mass. 
B)  speed. 
C)  camouflage. 
D)  assembling in packs or other types of animal groups. 
E)  having spines or other mechanical defensive devices. 
A)  having a large brain size in relationship to body mass. 
B)  speed. 
C)  camouflage. 
D)  assembling in packs or other types of animal groups. 
E)  having spines or other mechanical defensive devices. E

Question 4

Mycorrhizae help plants:

Accepted Answer

A)  to absorb water. 
B)  to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates. 
C)  to repel insects. 
D)  to resist disease organisms. 
E)  to absorb essential nutrient minerals. 
A)  to absorb water. 
B)  to convert atmospheric nitrogen into nitrates. 
C)  to repel insects. 
D)  to resist disease organisms. 
E)  to absorb essential nutrient minerals.

Question 5

In order for every parasite to successfully reproduce, it must

Accepted Answer

A)  live outside its host's body 
B)  live inside its host's body 
C)  do no harm to the host organism 
D)  kill the host organism 
E)  keep its host alive 
A)  live outside its host's body 
B)  live inside its host's body 
C)  do no harm to the host organism 
D)  kill the host organism 
E)  keep its host alive

Question 6

Define coevolution and list three examples.

Accepted Answer

Coevolution is the interdependent evolut

Question 7

The reason(s) that tropical regions of the world have such high biodiversity is:

Accepted Answer

A)  because they are geologically stable. 
B)  because they have a high productivity. 
C)  because there are many ecological niches. 
D)  All of these choices are correct 
E)  None of these choices is correct 
A)  because they are geologically stable. 
B)  because they have a high productivity. 
C)  because there are many ecological niches. 
D)  All of these choices are correct 
E)  None of these choices is correct

Question 8

All of the following are examples of mutualism except:

Accepted Answer

A)  reef-building corals and zooxanthellae. 
B)  nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes. 
C)  trees and epiphytes. 
D)  flowers and bees. 
E)  mycorrhizae. 
A)  reef-building corals and zooxanthellae. 
B)  nitrogen-fixing bacteria and legumes. 
C)  trees and epiphytes. 
D)  flowers and bees. 
E)  mycorrhizae.

Question 9

Which of the following organisms would be members of a pioneer community on bare rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  grass 
B)  lichens 
C)  herbs 
D)  moss 
E)  trees 
A)  grass 
B)  lichens 
C)  herbs 
D)  moss 
E)  trees

Question 10

The realized niche for the green anole differs from its fundamental niche because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  competition. 
B)  symbiosis. 
C)  disease. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  unlimited food supply. 
A)  competition. 
B)  symbiosis. 
C)  disease. 
D)  coevolution. 
E)  unlimited food supply.

Question 11

Which of the following populations would have a growth rate of zero?

Accepted Answer

A)  b= 100, d=50. i=0, e=100 
B)  b= 100, d=50. i=50, e=100 
C)  b= 100, d=50. i=75, e=100 
D)  b= 100, d=50. i=100, e=100 
E)  b= 100, d=50. i=150, e=100 
A)  b= 100, d=50. i=0, e=100 
B)  b= 100, d=50. i=50, e=100 
C)  b= 100, d=50. i=75, e=100 
D)  b= 100, d=50. i=100, e=100 
E)  b= 100, d=50. i=150, e=100

Question 12

In Type II survivorship:

Accepted Answer

A)  the probability of survival decreases with age. 
B)  the probability of survival increases with age. 
C)  the probability of survival doesn't change with age. 
D)  the male dies more frequently than females. 
E)  the female dies more frequently than males. 
A)  the probability of survival decreases with age. 
B)  the probability of survival increases with age. 
C)  the probability of survival doesn't change with age. 
D)  the male dies more frequently than females. 
E)  the female dies more frequently than males.

Question 13

Explain the circumstances under which a prey organism would have coloration that would make it more visible to a predator. Include three specific examples of organisms that use this strategy.

Accepted Answer

If a prey has a chemical defense such as

Question 14

Which of the following statements about population ecology is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population ecology only deals with declining populations that are in need of intervention in order to survive. 
B)  Population ecology focuses on individuals and their interactions, but not the abiotic environment. 
C)  Population ecology attempts to explain how and why the number of individuals changes over time. 
D)  Population ecology is not important to scientists in applied disciplines, such as wildlife management. 
E)  Population ecology deals with organisms in nature, but cannot be applied to the study of human populations. 
A)  Population ecology only deals with declining populations that are in need of intervention in order to survive. 
B)  Population ecology focuses on individuals and their interactions, but not the abiotic environment. 
C)  Population ecology attempts to explain how and why the number of individuals changes over time. 
D)  Population ecology is not important to scientists in applied disciplines, such as wildlife management. 
E)  Population ecology deals with organisms in nature, but cannot be applied to the study of human populations.

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is used to identify members of the Kingdom Animalia?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack a nuclear envelope and other internal cell membranes. 
B)  use radiant energy to synthesize organic molecules 
C)  ingest food and digest it internally 
D)  secrete digestive enzymes into their food and then absorb the pre-digested nutrients 
E)  locomotion 
A)  lack a nuclear envelope and other internal cell membranes. 
B)  use radiant energy to synthesize organic molecules 
C)  ingest food and digest it internally 
D)  secrete digestive enzymes into their food and then absorb the pre-digested nutrients 
E)  locomotion

Question 16

If each breeding pair of elephants produces 6 offspring during a 90-year life span, in 750 years, a single pair of elephants will have given rise to a population of 19 million elephants. Yet elephants have not overrun the planet. WHY?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elephants have a niche that expands with the population 
B)  Elephants produce more offspring than will survive to maturity 
C)  Most elephants are kept in captivity (circus & zoo) and not allowed to reproduce 
D)  Individual elephants in a population exhibit no variation, reducing their reproductive success 
E)  Elephants have become geographically separated into separate species that cannot interbreed 
A)  Elephants have a niche that expands with the population 
B)  Elephants produce more offspring than will survive to maturity 
C)  Most elephants are kept in captivity (circus & zoo) and not allowed to reproduce 
D)  Individual elephants in a population exhibit no variation, reducing their reproductive success 
E)  Elephants have become geographically separated into separate species that cannot interbreed

Question 17

Green anoles were forced out of their established habitat of trees, plants, walls and fences by invasive brown anoles. The green anoles then had to find new habitats in wetlands and tree crowns. This example illustrates the concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  competition 
B)  fundamental niche 
C)  realized niche 
D)  parasitism 
E)  both competition and realized niche 
A)  competition 
B)  fundamental niche 
C)  realized niche 
D)  parasitism 
E)  both competition and realized niche

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log 
B)  A bear goes into hibernation 
C)  A plant loses its leaves in a drought 
D)  A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide 
E)  A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available 
A)  A lizard's color becomes brown as it sits on a log 
B)  A bear goes into hibernation 
C)  A plant loses its leaves in a drought 
D)  A population of mosquitoes develops resistance to a pesticide 
E)  A population of foxes increases as more prey becomes available

Question 19

Describe two plant defenses against herbivores.

Accepted Answer

The presence of spines, thorns, tough le

Question 20

Discuss the six-kingdom system of classification. Include a list of the six kingdoms, characteristics used in classifying members of each kingdom, and the strengths and weaknesses of this classification system. Suggest changes or improvements to the six-kingdom system that would address the weakness(es) that you identified in this classification system.

Accepted Answer

The current taxonomy for living things i

Exam 5: Ecosystems and Living Organisms

Which of the following is an area where primary succession would occur?

List and describe three animal prey defenses against predators.

All of the following traits are characteristic of predators except:

Mycorrhizae help plants:

In order for every parasite to successfully reproduce, it must

Define coevolution and list three examples.

The reason(s) that tropical regions of the world have such high biodiversity is:

All of the following are examples of mutualism except:

Which of the following organisms would be members of a pioneer community on bare rock?

The realized niche for the green anole differs from its fundamental niche because of:

Which of the following populations would have a growth rate of zero?

In Type II survivorship:

Explain the circumstances under which a prey organism would have coloration that would make it more visible to a predator. Include three specific examples of organisms that use this strategy.

Which of the following statements about population ecology is true?

Which of the following characteristics is used to identify members of the Kingdom Animalia?

If each breeding pair of elephants produces 6 offspring during a 90-year life span, in 750 years, a single pair of elephants will have given rise to a population of 19 million elephants. Yet elephants have not overrun the planet. WHY?

Green anoles were forced out of their established habitat of trees, plants, walls and fences by invasive brown anoles. The green anoles then had to find new habitats in wetlands and tree crowns. This example illustrates the concept of:

Which of the following best illustrates the process of evolution?

Describe two plant defenses against herbivores.

Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability

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Ecosystems and the Physical Environment

Major Ecosystems of the World

Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

The Human Population

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Energy Consumption

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Renewable Energy and Nuclear Power

Water: a Limited Resource

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