Question 1

Domesticated plants and animals:

Accepted Answer

A)  are characterized by high genetic diversity. 
B)  are less likely to succumb to new strains of disease-causing organisms. 
C)  tend to lose genetic diversity as the farmer selects for more desirable agricultural characteristics. 
D)  can readily survive in both cultivated and wild (natural) settings. 
E)  readily adapt to changing environmental conditions. 
A)  are characterized by high genetic diversity. 
B)  are less likely to succumb to new strains of disease-causing organisms. 
C)  tend to lose genetic diversity as the farmer selects for more desirable agricultural characteristics. 
D)  can readily survive in both cultivated and wild (natural) settings. 
E)  readily adapt to changing environmental conditions. C

Question 2

GM (genetically modified) crops and foods:

Accepted Answer

A)  may have higher nutritional value than the original product. 
B)  may be resistant to pests, diseases, and stressful (weather)/climate conditions. 
C)  may produce unexpected allergic reactions in some consumers. 
D)  have been largely banned by the European Union. 
E)  All of these choices are correct 
A)  may have higher nutritional value than the original product. 
B)  may be resistant to pests, diseases, and stressful (weather)/climate conditions. 
C)  may produce unexpected allergic reactions in some consumers. 
D)  have been largely banned by the European Union. 
E)  All of these choices are correct E

Question 3

One of the factors slowing the expansion of aquaculture is:
I. restrictive legislation.
II. that it is expensive.
III. lack of public willingness to purchase fish produced by aquaculture.
IV. that the fish produced are of lower quality than wild-caught.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  III and IV 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  III and IV B

Question 4

Germplasm:

Accepted Answer

A)  can only be distributed by government agencies. 
B)  refers to only the seeds of traditional crop varieties. 
C)  is regulated by a new international treaty which governs the exchange and patenting of a plant's genome 
D)  cannot be used to preserve or improve the genetic characteristics of livestock. 
E)  All of these statements are correct 
A)  can only be distributed by government agencies. 
B)  refers to only the seeds of traditional crop varieties. 
C)  is regulated by a new international treaty which governs the exchange and patenting of a plant's genome 
D)  cannot be used to preserve or improve the genetic characteristics of livestock. 
E)  All of these statements are correct

Question 5

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wild plant and animal populations generally have high genetic diversity 
B)  Much of genetic diversity is lost due to domestication 
C)  During domestication, selection often occurs for traits which are not of obvious value to humans 
D)  Low genetic diversity increases vulnerability to new disease-causing organisms 
E)  The majority of vegetable crops grown in the U.S. are of only a few varieties 
A)  Wild plant and animal populations generally have high genetic diversity 
B)  Much of genetic diversity is lost due to domestication 
C)  During domestication, selection often occurs for traits which are not of obvious value to humans 
D)  Low genetic diversity increases vulnerability to new disease-causing organisms 
E)  The majority of vegetable crops grown in the U.S. are of only a few varieties

Question 6

The quantity of various grains remaining from previous harvests is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  subsistence agriculture. 
B)  food security. 
C)  world grain stocks. 
D)  yield. 
E)  organic farming surplus. 
A)  subsistence agriculture. 
B)  food security. 
C)  world grain stocks. 
D)  yield. 
E)  organic farming surplus.

Question 7

Modern cultivation methods combined with high-yielding varieties of certain popular crops to increase the amount of food produced per designated area characterizes:

Accepted Answer

A)  organic farming 
B)  the green revolution 
C)  chemical enhancement 
D)  self-yielding farming 
E)  none of these choices is correct 
A)  organic farming 
B)  the green revolution 
C)  chemical enhancement 
D)  self-yielding farming 
E)  none of these choices is correct

Question 8

According to Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, what is the leading cause of hunger and famine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil degradation 
B)  Per capita income 
C)  Climate conditions 
D)  Government type 
E)  Access to education 
A)  Soil degradation 
B)  Per capita income 
C)  Climate conditions 
D)  Government type 
E)  Access to education

Question 9

Which areas of the world are at the greatest risk for famine?

Accepted Answer

A)  developing nations in South America 
B)  developing nations in Africa 
C)  Western Europe 
D)  Impoverished cities in highly developed countries 
E)  Developing nations in both South America and Africa 
A)  developing nations in South America 
B)  developing nations in Africa 
C)  Western Europe 
D)  Impoverished cities in highly developed countries 
E)  Developing nations in both South America and Africa

Question 10

Which of the following is/are currently used to increase livestock yields in industrialized countries?

Accepted Answer

A)  maintaining a wide variety of genetically diverse livestock 
B)  using genetically engineered foodstuffs 
C)  implementing integrated pest management 
D)  administering antibiotics and hormones 
E)  increasing use of nomadic herding 
A)  maintaining a wide variety of genetically diverse livestock 
B)  using genetically engineered foodstuffs 
C)  implementing integrated pest management 
D)  administering antibiotics and hormones 
E)  increasing use of nomadic herding

Question 11

A process, either natural or manmade, that decreases the ability of land to support future crops or livestock is:

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat fragmentation 
B)  slash-and-burn farming 
C)  overgrazing 
D)  marginal cultivation 
E)  land degradation 
A)  habitat fragmentation 
B)  slash-and-burn farming 
C)  overgrazing 
D)  marginal cultivation 
E)  land degradation

Question 12

Which of the following statements about organic food production is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organic farming has allowed U.S. agriculture to become the most efficient and productive in the world. 
B)  It may involve the use of antibiotics and hormones for livestock, as long as no chemicals are added to crops. 
C)  Organic livestock must be fed organic feed. 
D)  The soil is fertilized with commercial inorganic fertilizer, with the use of cover crops every fourth year. 
E)  Organic farms must be kept insect-free to allow for the crops to survive without the use of pesticides. 
A)  Organic farming has allowed U.S. agriculture to become the most efficient and productive in the world. 
B)  It may involve the use of antibiotics and hormones for livestock, as long as no chemicals are added to crops. 
C)  Organic livestock must be fed organic feed. 
D)  The soil is fertilized with commercial inorganic fertilizer, with the use of cover crops every fourth year. 
E)  Organic farms must be kept insect-free to allow for the crops to survive without the use of pesticides.

Question 13

Concern over the routine use of antibiotics in raising livestock centers around:

Accepted Answer

A)  the potential that bacterial resistance to antibiotics may increase as a result. 
B)  violations of U.S. government policy that prohibits their indiscriminate use in livestock. 
C)  the fact that the antibiotics may be toxic to small children. 
D)  a tentative link between antibiotics and cancer. 
E)  the excessively high concentrations of chemicals that are then found in the meat products. 
A)  the potential that bacterial resistance to antibiotics may increase as a result. 
B)  violations of U.S. government policy that prohibits their indiscriminate use in livestock. 
C)  the fact that the antibiotics may be toxic to small children. 
D)  a tentative link between antibiotics and cancer. 
E)  the excessively high concentrations of chemicals that are then found in the meat products.

Question 14

Define genetic diversity and explain the importance of genetic diversity for crop plants and livestock. Identify one way genetic diversity is lost in organisms and discuss one benefit and one difficulty of lower genetic diversity.

Accepted Answer

Genetic diversity is the variation in ge

Question 15

In 1999, the EU placed a 5-year moratorium on virtually all approvals of genetically modified (GM) crops. Currently, the European Union (EU) bans all imports of hormone-treated beef. What reasons does the EU give for not wanting these agricultural developments? What do critics of the EU ban contend?

Accepted Answer

The reason the EU gives is health concer

Question 16

The most common foods eaten in the world today are:

Accepted Answer

A)  corn (maize), rice, sweet potato, and wheat. 
B)  barley, corn, rice, and wheat. 
C)  corn, rice, and wheat. 
D)  cassava, potato, rice, and wheat. 
E)  corn, potato, soybean, and rice. 
A)  corn (maize), rice, sweet potato, and wheat. 
B)  barley, corn, rice, and wheat. 
C)  corn, rice, and wheat. 
D)  cassava, potato, rice, and wheat. 
E)  corn, potato, soybean, and rice.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of sustainable agriculture?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic farming 
B)  integrated pest management 
C)  water and energy conservation 
D)  decreased biodiversity 
E)  decreased pesticide use 
A)  organic farming 
B)  integrated pest management 
C)  water and energy conservation 
D)  decreased biodiversity 
E)  decreased pesticide use

Question 18

The main cause of malnutrition is:

Accepted Answer

A)  poverty. 
B)  inadequate global food production. 
C)  polyculture. 
D)  decreasing livestock yields. 
E)  organic farming practices. 
A)  poverty. 
B)  inadequate global food production. 
C)  polyculture. 
D)  decreasing livestock yields. 
E)  organic farming practices.

Question 19

Why have rates of bycatch associated with commercial fisheries recently declined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Commercial fishing has decreased across the globe. 
B)  Many species have become so scarce that they cannot be targeted by fishers. 
C)  Fishing technology has improved. 
D)  Fishers are now targeting more species than they previously did. 
E)  Aquaculture has reduced pressure on the world's fisheries. 
A)  Commercial fishing has decreased across the globe. 
B)  Many species have become so scarce that they cannot be targeted by fishers. 
C)  Fishing technology has improved. 
D)  Fishers are now targeting more species than they previously did. 
E)  Aquaculture has reduced pressure on the world's fisheries.

Question 20

Aquaculture is:

Accepted Answer

A)  fish farming. 
B)  growing plants without soil. 
C)  using desalinated water for irrigation. 
D)  a type of germplasm storage. 
E)  fishing without hooks. 
A)  fish farming. 
B)  growing plants without soil. 
C)  using desalinated water for irrigation. 
D)  a type of germplasm storage. 
E)  fishing without hooks.

Exam 18: Food Resources

Domesticated plants and animals:

GM (genetically modified) crops and foods:

One of the factors slowing the expansion of aquaculture is: I. restrictive legislation. II. that it is expensive. III. lack of public willingness to purchase fish produced by aquaculture. IV. that the fish produced are of lower quality than wild-caught.

Germplasm:

Which of the following statements about genetic diversity is false?

The quantity of various grains remaining from previous harvests is known as:

Modern cultivation methods combined with high-yielding varieties of certain popular crops to increase the amount of food produced per designated area characterizes:

According to Indian Nobel laureate Amartya Sen, what is the leading cause of hunger and famine?

Which areas of the world are at the greatest risk for famine?

Which of the following is/are currently used to increase livestock yields in industrialized countries?

A process, either natural or manmade, that decreases the ability of land to support future crops or livestock is:

Which of the following statements about organic food production is true?

Concern over the routine use of antibiotics in raising livestock centers around:

Define genetic diversity and explain the importance of genetic diversity for crop plants and livestock. Identify one way genetic diversity is lost in organisms and discuss one benefit and one difficulty of lower genetic diversity.

The most common foods eaten in the world today are:

Which of the following is NOT a component of sustainable agriculture?

The main cause of malnutrition is:

Why have rates of bycatch associated with commercial fisheries recently declined?

Aquaculture is:

Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability

Environmental Laws Economic and Ethics

Ecosystems and Energy

Ecosystems and the Physical Environment

Ecosystems and Living Organisms

Major Ecosystems of the World

Human Health and Environmental Toxicology

The Human Population

The Urban World

Energy Consumption

Fossil Fuels

Renewable Energy and Nuclear Power

Water: a Limited Resource

Soil Resources

Mineral Resources

Biological Resources

Land Resources

Air Pollution

Global Climate Change

Water Pollution

Pest Management

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Tomorrows Word

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