Exam 6: Toddlers: Cognitive, Social and Personality Development in the Context of Language Acquisition

To use the word 'car' for only the actual family car, rather than all cars, including toys and photos, is an example of ____________.

In relation to obeying a command from a parent, toddlers who attend day- care centres on a weekly basis tend to be more negativistic than their counterparts who spend all day at home.

Recent neuroscience research using brain imaging techniques has shown that ____________ areas of the cortex are activated by the second rather than the first language in bilinguals who acquired their second spoken language after infancy. In those bilinguals who mastered both languages simultaneously in infancy and toddlerhood ____________, regions of the brain cortex are activated regardless of which of the two languages is being spoken.

Snow (1977) found that mothers treated their infants as though they were partners in a dialogue from the age of three months.

Which of the following is true about language development in children?

Which of the following is an important pre- language skill?

According to Folvern and Bonvillian (1991), children who are deaf and are taught sign language from birth develop the ability to communicate using single signed words before typically developing children speak their first word.

Which of the following behaviours is associated with the negativism in toddlers?

Between the ages of eight and ten months, most infants begin to use gestures for genuine communication.

Which of the following is true regarding the 'nature' theoretical explanation of the processes of language acquisition?

Symbolic representation, or the capacity to use mental categories as substitutes for physical objects and events, does not develop until early in the ____________ year of life.

Overextension is a linguistic phenomenon found only in English speakers, due to the complexity of the English language.

Which of the following is not one of the specific symbolic representations used by humans?

Bialystok and her colleagues (2004) highlighted the cognitive processing deficits in bilinguals. The results in the area of cognitive performance in an elderly group were particularly striking, prompting the researchers to conclude that 'controlled processing is carried out more effectively by monolinguals'.

According to Nelson et al. (2006), there appears to be a sensitive period for optimal learning of signed languages as well as spoken ones.

Vygotsky saw the discovery of word meaning as significant, not only because of the new possibilities for communication arising with spoken language, but also because the child's ____________ are revolutionised as a result of this discovery.

Which of the following are features of motherese?

According to Wenar (1982), ____________ is defined operationally as 'the toddler's intentional noncompliance to adult requests, directives, and prohibitions'.