Question 1

An enzyme found inside a human cell ____.

Accepted Answer

A) can catalyze many different reactions by binding to various substrates 
B) helps bring reactants to the transition state 
C) can catalyze endergonic reactions only 
D) rarely requires cofactors 
E) works optimally at temperatures below 37oC 
A) can catalyze many different reactions by binding to various substrates 
B) helps bring reactants to the transition state 
C) can catalyze endergonic reactions only 
D) rarely requires cofactors 
E) works optimally at temperatures below 37oC

Question 2

-The red blood cells shown in the top micrograph of the accompanying figure are immersed in a(n) ____ solution.

Accepted Answer

A) hypotonic 
B) isotonic 
C) hypertonic 
D) enzymatic 
E) turgor 
A) hypotonic 
B) isotonic 
C) hypertonic 
D) enzymatic 
E) turgor

Question 3

A glucose transporter changes shape when it binds to a molecule of glucose. The shape change moves glucose down its concentration gradient to the opposite side of the membrane, where it detaches from the transport protein. What does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) facilitated diffusion 
B) endocytosis 
C) active transport 
D) exocytosis 
E) osmosis 
A) facilitated diffusion 
B) endocytosis 
C) active transport 
D) exocytosis 
E) osmosis

Question 4

Enzymes increase the rate of a given reaction by lowering ____ energy.

Accepted Answer

A) kinetic 
B) activation 
C) thermal 
D) potential 
E) chemical bond 
A) kinetic 
B) activation 
C) thermal 
D) potential 
E) chemical bond

Question 5

Which reaction is endergonic?

Accepted Answer

A) protein synthesis 
B) digestion 
C) fire 
D) aerobic respiration 
E) movement 
A) protein synthesis 
B) digestion 
C) fire 
D) aerobic respiration 
E) movement

Question 6

Allosteric regulation controls reaction rate by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) producing excess substrates 
B) binding regulatory molecules at a site other than the active site 
C) changing in the temperature of the system 
D) binding regulatory molecules to the active site 
E) alternately oxidizing and reducing the substrate 
A) producing excess substrates 
B) binding regulatory molecules at a site other than the active site 
C) changing in the temperature of the system 
D) binding regulatory molecules to the active site 
E) alternately oxidizing and reducing the substrate

Question 7

The rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is slowest when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) molecules are small 
B) there is a concentration gradient 
C) there is a difference in charge 
D) there is high pressure 
E) temperatures are low 
A) molecules are small 
B) there is a concentration gradient 
C) there is a difference in charge 
D) there is high pressure 
E) temperatures are low

Question 8

Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require an input of ____ to begin.

Accepted Answer

A) organic molecules 
B) initiation energy 
C) activation energy 
D) water 
E) oxygen 
A) organic molecules 
B) initiation energy 
C) activation energy 
D) water 
E) oxygen

Question 9

When ATP releases its energy, ____ is formed.

Accepted Answer

A) AMP only 
B) ADP only 
C) Pi only 
D) both AMP and Pi 
E) both ADP and Pi 
A) AMP only 
B) ADP only 
C) Pi only 
D) both AMP and Pi 
E) both ADP and Pi

Question 10

During endergonic reactions, reactants with ____ free energy are converted to molecules with ____ free energy; therefore, they require a net input of energy in order to proceed.

Accepted Answer

A) higher; lower 
B) lower; higher 
C) zero; lower 
D) higher; zero 
E) potential; kinetic 
A) higher; lower 
B) lower; higher 
C) zero; lower 
D) higher; zero 
E) potential; kinetic

Question 11

The process by which an enzyme allows a reaction to run much faster than it would on its own is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) a redox reaction 
B) allosteric regulation 
C) induced fit 
D) catalysis 
E) phosphorylation 
A) a redox reaction 
B) allosteric regulation 
C) induced fit 
D) catalysis 
E) phosphorylation

Question 12

Suppose that it takes three pounds of feed to generate one pound of chicken meat. What happens to the other two pounds of feed?

Accepted Answer

A) Energy is lost in substances that are indigestible only. 
B) Energy is lost as heat only. 
C) Energy is lost in substances that are indigestible and as heat. 
D) Energy is lost to maintain constant entropy in the system. 
E) Energy is destroyed during the process of energy conversion. 
A) Energy is lost in substances that are indigestible only. 
B) Energy is lost as heat only. 
C) Energy is lost in substances that are indigestible and as heat. 
D) Energy is lost to maintain constant entropy in the system. 
E) Energy is destroyed during the process of energy conversion.

Question 13

-If the accompanying metabolic pathway is regulated by feedback inhibition, ____ inhibits the activity of ____.?

Accepted Answer

A) C; enzyme 1 
B) enzyme 1; B 
C) enzyme 2; enzyme 1 
D) enzyme 1; enzyme 2 
E) ?B; A 
A) C; enzyme 1 
B) enzyme 1; B 
C) enzyme 2; enzyme 1 
D) enzyme 1; enzyme 2 
E) ?B; A

Question 14

White blood cells use ____ to remove foreign particles from the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) simple diffusion 
B) bulk flow 
C) osmosis 
D) phagocytosis 
E) facilitated diffusion 
A) simple diffusion 
B) bulk flow 
C) osmosis 
D) phagocytosis 
E) facilitated diffusion

Question 15

The first law of thermodynamics states that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) one form of energy cannot be converted into another 
B) entropy is increasing in the universe 
C) energy can be neither created nor destroyed 
D) energy cannot be converted into matter 
E) energy is the capacity to do work 
A) one form of energy cannot be converted into another 
B) entropy is increasing in the universe 
C) energy can be neither created nor destroyed 
D) energy cannot be converted into matter 
E) energy is the capacity to do work

Question 16

​An enzyme ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​is altered during the course of a reaction 
B) ​becomes part of the product 
C) ​becomes part of the reactants 
D) ​is not altered during the course of a reaction 
E) ​cannot be reused after catalyzing one reaction 
A) ​is altered during the course of a reaction 
B) ​becomes part of the product 
C) ​becomes part of the reactants 
D) ​is not altered during the course of a reaction 
E) ​cannot be reused after catalyzing one reaction

Question 17

Which type of molecular movement is a passive process?

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-potassium pump 
B) endocytosis 
C) exocytosis 
D) diffusion 
E) active transport 
A) sodium-potassium pump 
B) endocytosis 
C) exocytosis 
D) diffusion 
E) active transport

Question 18

Activation energy is the energy required to bring the bonds in reactant molecules to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the active site 
B) their strongest conformation 
C) a reducing agent 
D) their breaking point 
E) an oxidizing agent 
A) the active site 
B) their strongest conformation 
C) a reducing agent 
D) their breaking point 
E) an oxidizing agent

Question 19

During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the substrate is also known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) end product 
B) byproduct 
C) enzyme 
D) reactant 
E) cofactor 
A) end product 
B) byproduct 
C) enzyme 
D) reactant 
E) cofactor

Question 20

A cell placed in a(n) ____ solution will ____.

Accepted Answer

A) isotonic; swell 
B) hypotonic; swell 
C) hypotonic; shrink 
D) hypertonic; remain the same size 
E) hypertonic; swell 
A) isotonic; swell 
B) hypotonic; swell 
C) hypotonic; shrink 
D) hypertonic; remain the same size 
E) hypertonic; swell

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

An enzyme found inside a human cell ____.

-The red blood cells shown in the top micrograph of the accompanying figure are immersed in a(n) ____ solution.

A glucose transporter changes shape when it binds to a molecule of glucose. The shape change moves glucose down its concentration gradient to the opposite side of the membrane, where it detaches from the transport protein. What does this illustrate?

Enzymes increase the rate of a given reaction by lowering ____ energy.

Which reaction is endergonic?

Allosteric regulation controls reaction rate by ____.

The rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane is slowest when ____.

Both endergonic and exergonic reactions require an input of ____ to begin.

When ATP releases its energy, ____ is formed.

During endergonic reactions, reactants with ____ free energy are converted to molecules with ____ free energy; therefore, they require a net input of energy in order to proceed.

The process by which an enzyme allows a reaction to run much faster than it would on its own is known as ____.

Suppose that it takes three pounds of feed to generate one pound of chicken meat. What happens to the other two pounds of feed?

-If the accompanying metabolic pathway is regulated by feedback inhibition, ____ inhibits the activity of ____.?

White blood cells use ____ to remove foreign particles from the blood.

The first law of thermodynamics states that ____.

​An enzyme ____.

Which type of molecular movement is a passive process?

Activation energy is the energy required to bring the bonds in reactant molecules to ____.

During enzyme-catalyzed reactions, the substrate is also known as the ____.

A cell placed in a(n) ____ solution will ____.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

During endergonic reactions, reactants with free energy are converted to molecules with free energy; therefore, they require a net input of energy in order to proceed.

-If the accompanying metabolic pathway is regulated by feedback inhibition, inhibits the activity of .?

An enzyme ____.

A cell placed in a(n) solution will .