Question 1

A single-celled freshwater organism, such as a protistan, is transferred to salt water. What is likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The cell will burst. 
B) Salt will be pumped out of the cell. 
C) The cell will shrink. 
D) Enzymes will flow out of the cell. 
E) Water will move into the cell. 
A) The cell will burst. 
B) Salt will be pumped out of the cell. 
C) The cell will shrink. 
D) Enzymes will flow out of the cell. 
E) Water will move into the cell.

Question 2

Wilting of a plant occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the plant cell walls weaken 
B) osmotic pressure is reached 
C) there is turgor 
D) soil water becomes hypotonic 
E) soil water becomes hypertonic 
A) the plant cell walls weaken 
B) osmotic pressure is reached 
C) there is turgor 
D) soil water becomes hypotonic 
E) soil water becomes hypertonic

Question 3

Methane (CH4) is a natural gas that is often used as a fuel. When it burns in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are produced. Replace the "X" in the following reaction of methane combustion to balance the equation. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + XH2O

Accepted Answer

A) lCH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 0H2O 
B) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 1H2O 
C) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O 
D) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 32O 
E) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 4H2O 
A) lCH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 0H2O 
B) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 1H2O 
C) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O 
D) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 32O 
E) CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 4H2O

Question 4

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-the condition in which water stops diffusing into the cytoplasm of a plant cell when enough pressure has built up inside it

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 5

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-general term that describes the movement of any substance from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 6

The enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway. When cytosine and uracil nucleotides are present in excess, they bind to sites outside of the active site to inhibit ATCase. This scenario illustrates ____.

Accepted Answer

A) allosteric regulation only 
B) feedback inhibition only 
C) a redox reaction 
D) allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition 
E) feedback inhibition and a cyclic pathway 
A) allosteric regulation only 
B) feedback inhibition only 
C) a redox reaction 
D) allosteric regulation and feedback inhibition 
E) feedback inhibition and a cyclic pathway

Question 7

The removal of electrons from a compound is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) dehydration 
B) oxidation 
C) reduction 
D) phosphorylation 
E) allosteric regulation 
A) dehydration 
B) oxidation 
C) reduction 
D) phosphorylation 
E) allosteric regulation

Question 8

ATP acts as a(n) ____ in almost all metabolic pathways.

Accepted Answer

A) coenzyme 
B) feedback regulator 
C) catalyst 
D) allosteric regulator 
E) enzyme 
A) coenzyme 
B) feedback regulator 
C) catalyst 
D) allosteric regulator 
E) enzyme

Question 9

A passive process that requires a protein for the movement of a solute across a membrane is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) active transport 
B) endocytosis 
C) bulk flow 
D) facilitated diffusion 
E) osmosis 
A) active transport 
B) endocytosis 
C) bulk flow 
D) facilitated diffusion 
E) osmosis

Question 10

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description.
-​transport of specific, targeted molecules, such as hormones, into a cell

Accepted Answer

A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis 
A) diffusion 
B) facilitated diffusion 
C) osmotic pressure 
D) active transport 
E) receptor-mediated endocytosis
F)osmosis

Question 11

What is occurring when a transport protein uses energy to pump a solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis 
B) passive diffusion 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) phagocytosis 
E) active transport 
A) osmosis 
B) passive diffusion 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) phagocytosis 
E) active transport

Question 12

Which biological molecule(s) may show enzymatic activity?

Accepted Answer

A) lipids only 
B) proteins only 
C) RNA only 
D) RNA and proteins 
E) proteins and carbohydrates 
A) lipids only 
B) proteins only 
C) RNA only 
D) RNA and proteins 
E) proteins and carbohydrates

Question 13

Which condition(s) increase the rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane? 
I.Steep concentration gradients
II.High temperatures
III.Large molecules

Accepted Answer

A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) II and III 
E) I, II, and III 
A) I only 
B) II only 
C) I and II 
D) II and III 
E) I, II, and III

Question 14

Glucose enters a cell via a glucose transporter. What prevents glucose molecules from moving back through the transporter and leaving the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphorylation 
B) charge differences 
C) closed transporters 
D) gated transporters 
E) concentration gradient 
A) phosphorylation 
B) charge differences 
C) closed transporters 
D) gated transporters 
E) concentration gradient

Question 15

All of these substances assist enzymes during the catalysis of biochemical reactions. Which one is a cofactor (that is, not a coenzyme)?

Accepted Answer

A) ATP 
B) heme 
C) vitamin B7 (biotin) 
D) flavine adenine dinucleotide (FA
D)  
E) nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) 
A) ATP 
B) heme 
C) vitamin B7 (biotin) 
D) flavine adenine dinucleotide (FA
D)  
E) nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

Question 16

Some enzymes require inorganic or organic molecules for proper function. These molecules are known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A) coenzymes only 
B) cofactors only 
C) antioxidants only 
D) coenzymes and cofactors 
E) coenzymes, cofactors, and antioxidants 
A) coenzymes only 
B) cofactors only 
C) antioxidants only 
D) coenzymes and cofactors 
E) coenzymes, cofactors, and antioxidants

Question 17

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

Accepted Answer

A) matter can be neither created nor destroyed 
B) energy can be neither created nor destroyed 
C) as energy disperses, entropy increases 
D) entropy decreases with time 
E) energy is the capacity to do work 
A) matter can be neither created nor destroyed 
B) energy can be neither created nor destroyed 
C) as energy disperses, entropy increases 
D) entropy decreases with time 
E) energy is the capacity to do work

Question 18

Pepsin and trypsin are digestive enzymes. In the stomach, normal pH is 2, while in the small intestine, normal pH is about 7.5. Based on this information and the accompanying figure, ____.

Accepted Answer

A) trypsin functions optimally in the small intestine 
B) trypsin functions optimally in the stomach 
C) both trypsin and pepsin function optimally in the stomach 
D) both trypsin and pepsin function optimally in the small intestine 
E) both pepsin and trypsin function equally well in the stomach and the small intestine 
A) trypsin functions optimally in the small intestine 
B) trypsin functions optimally in the stomach 
C) both trypsin and pepsin function optimally in the stomach 
D) both trypsin and pepsin function optimally in the small intestine 
E) both pepsin and trypsin function equally well in the stomach and the small intestine

Exam 5: Ground Rules of Metabolism

A single-celled freshwater organism, such as a protistan, is transferred to salt water. What is likely to happen?

Wilting of a plant occurs when ____.

Methane (CH4) is a natural gas that is often used as a fuel. When it burns in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are produced. Replace the "X" in the following reaction of methane combustion to balance the equation. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + XH2O

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -the condition in which water stops diffusing into the cytoplasm of a plant cell when enough pressure has built up inside it

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -general term that describes the movement of any substance from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration

The enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) catalyzes the first step in the pyrimidine synthesis pathway. When cytosine and uracil nucleotides are present in excess, they bind to sites outside of the active site to inhibit ATCase. This scenario illustrates ____.

The removal of electrons from a compound is known as ____.

ATP acts as a(n) ____ in almost all metabolic pathways.

A passive process that requires a protein for the movement of a solute across a membrane is known as ____.

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -​transport of specific, targeted molecules, such as hormones, into a cell

What is occurring when a transport protein uses energy to pump a solute across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient?

Which biological molecule(s) may show enzymatic activity?

Which condition(s) increase the rate of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane? I.Steep concentration gradients II.High temperatures III.Large molecules

Glucose enters a cell via a glucose transporter. What prevents glucose molecules from moving back through the transporter and leaving the cell?

All of these substances assist enzymes during the catalysis of biochemical reactions. Which one is a cofactor (that is, not a coenzyme)?

Some enzymes require inorganic or organic molecules for proper function. These molecules are known as ____.

The second law of thermodynamics states that ____.

Pepsin and trypsin are digestive enzymes. In the stomach, normal pH is 2, while in the small intestine, normal pH is about 7.5. Based on this information and the accompanying figure, ____.

The Science of Biology

Lifes Chemical Basis

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

Methane (CH₄) is a natural gas that is often used as a fuel. When it burns in the presence of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are produced. Replace the "X" in the following reaction of methane combustion to balance the equation. CH₄ + 2O₂ → CO₂ + XH₂O

Match the transport mechanism to the correct description. -transport of specific, targeted molecules, such as hormones, into a cell