Exam 7: Learning

Paulo is a freshman at college,and the first weekend he is there he and his friends go to the fraternities to unwind,relax,and party.Having had very little exposure to alcohol in his high school years,Paolo gets very tipsy after one beer,and very drunk after two.Three years later,when Paulo is a senior who is president of his fraternity,he brags that he can drink a 12-pack of beer and barely feel a thing.Instead of bragging about this ability,Paolo should be concerned that he is demonstrating drug __________ to alcohol.

When two stimuli are associated to produce a reflexive response in an organism,that animal (or person)has demonstrated __________ conditioning.

The unfortunate case of Little Albert is a case study in the learning concept of generalization.

In the smash hit comedy "Meet the Parents," the cat named Mister Jinx was taught to use a toilet by its owner,Mr.Burns.Despite this training,the cat's mother,Mrs.Burns,said "I don't think he likes it very much.Every chance he gets he tries to dig,squat,and bury!" The tendency of Mister Jinx to revert back to its instinctive behavior even after being trained to act in a different way is called __________.

Why do children tend not to understand the value of money until they see all of the wonderful things that it can buy?

The approach to studying learning that suggests an exclusive focus on overt,observable,and measurable responses and the discarding of references to inner thoughts,feelings,and motivations is called __________.

The tiny bug that is affectionately known to some as a "roly poly" has a defensive reaction to being threatened.It curls up into a ball,with the hardest part of its shell surrounding itself,and it stays perfectly still.This is a defensive reaction called _________.

Our drive to receive the rewards we've received in the past is called goal __________.

The strengthening of speed between a pre-synaptic neuron and a post-synaptic neuron's activity is referred to as long-term potentiation.

The law of effect,which states that an organism is likely to repeat a response that produces a desirable outcome and is unlikely to repeat a response that produces an undesirable outcome,was proposed __________.

The __________ action principle states that reduction in learning is proportional to the amount of brain tissue destroyed,no matter where in the brain the destruction occurs.

Which of the following effects on the brain has not been noted by research into sleep deprivation?

The mass action principle states that damage to the brain results in impaired functions,but the T F different parts of the brain can compensate in a redundant fashion to heal those lost functions.

__________ neurons respond both when an organism performs a task and when it watches another organism perform the same task.

Drug __________ is a lessening of physiological and behavior effects caused by a drug through the repeated use of that drug.

While shopping for a dress one afternoon,Lilly sees an old friend across the store.She calls out and waves,but the friend does not respond .When the friend turns around,however,Lilly realizes that it is,in fact,a complete stranger who only resembles her friend.Lilly is very embarrassed,but she has demonstrated __________,which is responding to one stimulus in the same way we learned to respond to a different,similar stimulus.

Which of the following is the last-occurring part of the three-term contingency?

A __________ reinforcer satisfies a basic survival need,like hunger or thirst.

At the age of 16,Martin watched his older brother Lawrence get trained as an EMT,and then as a paramedic.He enjoyed hearing the stories of how Lawrence worked on the ambulances,occasionally saving a life,and this led Martin to experience a strong desire to become an EMT himself.In this case,Lawrence served as a __________ model for his younger brother.

While several different parts of the brain,including the hippocampus and the cerebral cortices,may be involved in helping us to remember,psychologist Donald Hebb proposed that memories were stored in networks of neurons called __________.