Exam 7: Learning

A(n)__________ behavior is a response that an organism makes to produce an effect on its environment.

Some of the earliest psychologists to take up the challenge of studying learning were of the __________ school of thought,which suggested that we can only study that which can be seen and observed.

If a child's parents refuse to give him what he asks for until he uses "the magic word," they are teaching him that "please" is a discriminative stimulus.

The Premack principle suggests that a preferred activity can be used to reinforce a non-preferred task.

College athletes of exceptional ability are often faced with the difficult decision of ending their college career before graduating so that they can enter the ranks of professional players and,hopefully,make a lot of money.Some players,however,choose to delay entering the professional leagues and finish school instead.This is an example of __________.

Bella likes to knit blankets for babies,and the local hospital has offered her a sweet deal.For every ten blankets she knits in blue or pink yarn,they will pay her a lump sum of $75.Of course,they are going to charge $15 per blanket in their gift shop to make a profit.Bella understand that she only gets paid for batches of 10 blankets,and does not get paid $7.50 for each blanket as she knits them.This is an example of a __________ schedule of partial reinforcement.

When reinforcement is given as a function of the passage of time,it is called a ratio schedule.

Which of the following is the best synonym for "reinforcer?"

To learn by observation,an organism must be able to reproduce the action that is being observed, a concept known as __________.

__________ involves periodically scanning an environment to make sure that nothing in the environment has changed.

The beauty of birthday presents is that you get them once a year.No matter how much you beg,you generally will not get them until the full year has passed.This is an example of a __________ schedule of partial reinforcement.

Mischa bought a new gate to install at the top of his stairs so that his young son couldn't have an accident.He took the gate out of the box and studied the instructions for several minutes,before deciding that he knew all he needed to know.With tools in hand,Mischa then proceeded to get horribly lost during the installation of the gate.The difference between knowing how to install the gate and actually being able to do the installation is an example of the __________ distinction.

Why was the research of Karl Lashley unique,when compared to those who had come before him in trying to understand the neurological processes involved in learning?

Albert Bandura used the Bobo Doll experiment to demonstrate the precepts of operant learning.

The fact that muscles that are frequently taxed and exercised get stronger is similar to the concept of long-term __________,which shows that pre- and post-synaptic neurons that are activated at the same time will cause that neuronal system to become responsive to weaker stimuli.

Which of the following is an illustration of the Premack principle?

Learning that is exhibited only in the presence of an incentive is known as instinctive learning.

Which part of the brain has been found to be activated when we are learning to be afraid of a particular stimulus?

Psychologist Edward Tolman demonstrated that rats would learn to complete a maze in a shorter period of time,but only when they had an incentive to do so.This is known as __________ learning.

__________ is a defensive act in which an organism remains motionless.