Exam 7: Learning

Long-term __________ is to strengthening,as long-term __________ is to weakening.

The four types of conditioning explored by Ivan Pavlov are trace,backward,simultaneous,and forward.

A __________ cell is a cell in the hippocampus that only fires when an organism is in a specific location in its natural environment.

The concept of __________ learning occurs when an animal links two events that occur together.

Positive reinforcement is to the __________ of a stimulus as negative reinforcement is to the __________ of a stimulus.

After several terms of struggling academically,Justin worked very hard,buckled down,and brought home a report card with all A's.His father,immensely proud of Justin,went out and bought him front row seats to the upcoming baseball game so that Justin and a friend could have a fun night as a reward.What kind of operant outcome did Justin's father provide for the brilliant report card?

The__________ memory theory suggests that the hippocampus processes events by linking them into frameworks of associations with other events or concepts.

In a very unfortunate set of events,Adriano was involved in a car collision that resulted in a head injury with resultant brain damage.According to __________ law,Adriano is going to experience greater impact on more recent memories than on remote memories.

The reward __________ effect is a sudden shift in the attractiveness of a reward.

Which type of neurons may help a person learn from either doing an act or watching someone else do that same act?

The operant process of __________ occurs when the final step in a sequence is reinforced first,becoming a conditioned reinforcer for the preceding response.

Katya convinces herself that the best way to prepare for her final exam tomorrow is to pull an 'all-nighter' studying while artificially maintaining her energy with pot after pot of caffeinated coffee.Ironically,the research into the effects of sleep-deprivation on the brain have found that:

__________ learning is a learning process in which a person watches and imitates others.

A positive reinforce is effective because:

Julio has been dating Maria for the past 2 years,and has grown accustomed to the scent of her favorite perfume.After their relationship ended,Julio was walking through a store,minding his own business,when a woman passed who was wearing the same perfume.Instantly,Julio turned around and started looking for his lost love.In this example,what is the conditioned stimulus?

When Ivan Pavlov rang a bell once,put the bell away,and then presented food to the dogs,he was demonstrating __________ conditioning.

In the original work of Ivan Pavlov,what was the neutral stimulus?

Which type of learning may be most assisted by the activity of mirror neurons?

Dr.Ramirez is a researcher who wants to know the relationship between getting laid off or fired from a job and developing hypertension (high blood pressure).He believes that the negative stress associated with occupational difficulties can impair a body's ability to fight off illness.Dr.Ramirez is clearly involved in the specialty called __________.

The learning-performance distinction reminds us that although we may know how to do a particular action,we may not always be able to exercise that ability.