Exam 7: Learning

What kind of brain alteration will cause the fear response of freezing to discontinue in rats?

All learning is,in some way,a result of __________.

There are three general categories of reinforcers - primary,secondary,and tertiary.

Lucy the Cat learns that every time she is given a bowl of yummy tuna fish by her daddy,she hears the sound of the can opener first! Over time,she learns to come running into the kitchen every time she hears the sound of the can opener.This is an example of __________.

In Ivan Pavlov's original demonstration of classical conditioning,why is the food referred to as an unconditioned stimulus?

Ivy grew up in a home where it was well-understood that if someone is in the shower you should wait to flush a toilet,or else you will burn your family member who is in the midst of washing! Years later,when Ivy was living with her husband and children in a home with more modern plumbing,she would still get startled and start to jump out of the shower if she heard a toilet flush in the bathroom.This pairing of two stimuli with a response is an example of __________.

What kind of animals did Ivan Pavlov use to demonstrate the principles of classical conditioning?

Which of the following is an example of a primary reinforcer?

Using the principles of operant conditioning,many inpatient psychiatric facilities use token __________ systems,so patients can earn a token for exhibiting desirable behavior,and later trade that token in for a desired privilege or treat.

If you learn that "red light means stop,green light means go,and yellow light means slow down," you are demonstrating __________.

When Bradley goes to the bar with his friends and gets very sick after a night of drinking tequila T F shots,he swears off tequila for the next several months.The very mention of the word "tequila" is enough to get him queasy.This is an example of taste-affirmation learning.

Partial,or __________,reinforcement is a method in which responses are sometimes reinforced and sometimes not.

For months after he was involved in a very serious car accident,Micah would cringe when he drove past the site where the accident took place.Over time,however,that response to the bad memory started to fade away,and after about a year his "jitters" had disappeared completely.The process by which a learned response fades away is called __________.

In Ivan Pavlov's initial experiments with dogs the food served as a conditioned stimulus.

__________ refers to the ability to reacquire a learned behavior in a shorter period of time than it took to learn originally.

__________-order conditioning is a type of classical conditioning in which the conditioned stimulus is paired with a neutral stimulus.

While __________ conditioning focuses on spreading a reflexive response to a new precipitating stimulus,__________ conditioning utilizes an organism's ability to associate actions with future consequences.

Although different people have different views on whether punishment or reinforcement is the best way to alter behavior,most agree that

Which of the following is not one of the types of classical conditioning with which Ivan Pavlov experimented?

When a lower animal like a rat is frightened,it will assume a defensive physical crouch and will remain motionless until the fear has passed.This is a defensive reaction called posturing.