Question 1

S1U1P1 S1S1P0
   S1U1P1 S1S1P0
S1U1P1 S1S1P0
S1U1P1 S1S1P0
   Figure 49.3
-Based on the data in Figure 49.3, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 2 could be called a boreal forest. 
B)  Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
C)  Area 1 could be called a subtropical desert. 
D)  Area 2 could be called tundra. 
A)  Area 2 could be called a boreal forest. 
B)  Area 1 could be called a tropical wet forest. 
C)  Area 1 could be called a subtropical desert. 
D)  Area 2 could be called tundra.

Question 2

Figure 49.1
-In the figure above, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 3

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
B)  Grasslands have too little precipitation to support tree growth. 
C)  Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
D)  Prairie fires can result from lightening strikes. 
A)  Grasslands are lower in productivity than tropical forest communities. 
B)  Grasslands have too little precipitation to support tree growth. 
C)  Grassland soils are not very fertile. 
D)  Prairie fires can result from lightening strikes.

Question 4

In deep water, which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

Accepted Answer

A)  solute concentration 
B)  temperature 
C)  light availability 
D)  all of the above 
A)  solute concentration 
B)  temperature 
C)  light availability 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

Besides sunlight, which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature and moisture 
B)  wind and fire 
C)  temperature and wind 
D)  moisture and wind 
A)  temperature and moisture 
B)  wind and fire 
C)  temperature and wind 
D)  moisture and wind

Question 6

(a) $\text {Distribution of cattle is limited by distribution of tsetse flies.}$
 
 Figure 49.4
-Based on the figure above, and knowing what you know about cattle, what is the most logical conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
B)  Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C)  Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
D)  Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly. 
A)  Cattle distribution is primarily affected by grass distribution. 
B)  Tsetse flies somehow negatively affect cattle. 
C)  Cattle distribution is primarily affected by temperature. 
D)  Cattle somehow affect the reproduction of the tsetse fly.

Question 7

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater, just like lakes and ponds. However, wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because

Accepted Answer

A)  wetlands have shallow water. 
B)  wetlands have emergent vegetation. 
C)  wetlands have oxygen- poor water. 
D)  answers A and B both apply. 
E)  answers B and C both apply. 
A)  wetlands have shallow water. 
B)  wetlands have emergent vegetation. 
C)  wetlands have oxygen- poor water. 
D)  answers A and B both apply. 
E)  answers B and C both apply.

Question 8

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The higher the altitude, the cooler the climate. 
B)  Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C)  The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
D)  Both sides of a mountain range always receive equal amounts of precipitation. 
A)  The higher the altitude, the cooler the climate. 
B)  Rain shadows may appear on one side of a mountain range. 
C)  The presence of mountain ranges tends to produce extremes in precipitation. 
D)  Both sides of a mountain range always receive equal amounts of precipitation.

Question 9

Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B)  Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude. 
C)  Heat the poles. 
D)  Extensively water the deserts. 
A)  Remove all equatorial moisture and convection. 
B)  Shift the Sun to apply direct rays 30 degrees south latitude. 
C)  Heat the poles. 
D)  Extensively water the deserts.

Question 10

According to the latest hypotheses, why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring, even before the snow melts. 
B)  Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C)  Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D)  Answers A and B are both correct. 
E)  Answers B and C are both correct. 
A)  Evergreens begin photosynthesizing in early spring, even before the snow melts. 
B)  Evergreens do not shed their leaves and thus do not need as many soil nutrients. 
C)  Evergreens photosynthesize all year round. 
D)  Answers A and B are both correct. 
E)  Answers B and C are both correct.

Question 11

For a species to be called "invasive," it must

Accepted Answer

A)  be introduced to a new area. 
B)  spread rapidly in a new area. 
C)  eliminate native species. 
D)  Answers A and B both apply. 
E)  All of the above answers apply. 
A)  be introduced to a new area. 
B)  spread rapidly in a new area. 
C)  eliminate native species. 
D)  Answers A and B both apply. 
E)  All of the above answers apply.

Question 12

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

Accepted Answer

A)  competition for resources 
B)  water solute content 
C)  water temperature 
D)  human- built structural interferences 
A)  competition for resources 
B)  water solute content 
C)  water temperature 
D)  human- built structural interferences

Question 13

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen content 
B)  temperature 
C)  insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes 
D)  moisture 
A)  oxygen content 
B)  temperature 
C)  insects causing fatal diseases in songbirds at lower altitudes 
D)  moisture

Question 14

A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 metres in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should

Accepted Answer

A)  investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude. 
B)  collect data on temperature, wind, and precipitation at several of these locations for a year. 
C)  conclude that lower elevations are limiting to the survival of this species. 
D)  analyze the soils found in the vicinity of these trees, looking for unique chemicals that may support their growth. 
E)  study the anatomy and physiology of this species. 
A)  investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude. 
B)  collect data on temperature, wind, and precipitation at several of these locations for a year. 
C)  conclude that lower elevations are limiting to the survival of this species. 
D)  analyze the soils found in the vicinity of these trees, looking for unique chemicals that may support their growth. 
E)  study the anatomy and physiology of this species.

Question 15

Which of the following terms does NOT describe how much all of the plants in a biome grow?

Accepted Answer

A)  productivity 
B)  aboveground biomass 
C)  photosynthetic quotient 
D)  net primary productivity 
A)  productivity 
B)  aboveground biomass 
C)  photosynthetic quotient 
D)  net primary productivity

Question 16

Use the following abstract from the International Journal of Climatology to answer the corresponding questions).
Abstract:
The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual viability. Break- monsoo conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon, and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction- National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre- break 5 days prior to the commencement of the break), break and post- break 5 days after the cessation of the break) periods. In the present study, certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break- monsoon conditions are investigated. The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre- and post- break for the period 1968- 96. The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t- test at the 95% confidence level. The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors, i.e. the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, northern India and central India. Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone, coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal of the southern Indian coast. The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase. The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre- and post- break periods. Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone, central and northwestern Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India. 
-The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows a large intraseasonal and interannual variability. Break- monsoon conditions are one of the most important epochs of the monsoon, and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon. Given what you know about the Hadley cell, how would it have to change to produce this break phase in the monsoon Bhatla et al., 2004)?

Accepted Answer

A)  The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B)  The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
C)  The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D)  The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
E)  No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase. 
A)  The downward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
B)  The upward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
C)  The downward arm of Hadley cell weakens. 
D)  The upward arm of Hadley cell strengthens. 
E)  No change is needed in the Hadley cell to produce the break phase.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Temperate forests and grasslands are different biomes because they receive a different quality and quantity of sunlight, even though they have essentially the same annual temperature and precipitation. 
B)  Seasonal fluctuation of temperature is not a limiting factor in biome distribution if areas have the same annual temperature and precipitation means. 
C)  The average climate and pattern of climate are important in determining biome distribution. 
D)  Correlation of climate with biome distribution is sufficient to determine the cause of biome patterns. 
E)  Average annual temperature and precipitation are sufficient to predict which biome will be found in an area. 
A)  Temperate forests and grasslands are different biomes because they receive a different quality and quantity of sunlight, even though they have essentially the same annual temperature and precipitation. 
B)  Seasonal fluctuation of temperature is not a limiting factor in biome distribution if areas have the same annual temperature and precipitation means. 
C)  The average climate and pattern of climate are important in determining biome distribution. 
D)  Correlation of climate with biome distribution is sufficient to determine the cause of biome patterns. 
E)  Average annual temperature and precipitation are sufficient to predict which biome will be found in an area.

Question 18

Use the following abstract from the International Journal of Climatology to answer the corresponding questions).
Abstract:
The rainfall associated with the Indian summer monsoon shows large intraseasonal and interannual viability. Break- monsoo conditions are one of the important epochs of the monsoon, and they contribute significantly to the intraseasonal variability of the monsoon. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction- National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data sets are used to investigate the significant energy budget terms during the pre- break 5 days prior to the commencement of the break), break and post- break 5 days after the cessation of the break) periods. In the present study, certain dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics of the monsoon circulation during break- monsoon conditions are investigated. The important terms in the various energy budget equations are analysed between the surface and 100 hPa for the break and its departures from pre- and post- break for the period 1968- 96. The statistical significance of these departures is also examined by Student's t- test at the 95% confidence level. The volume integral of the budget terms is also examined in four sectors, i.e. the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, northern India and central India. Significant changes in the wind field and vorticity at 850 hPa take place in the monsoon trough zone, coastal regions of the western coast of India and the southwestern Bay of Bengal of the southern Indian coast. The vertically upward rising arm of the Hadley cell weakens during the break phase. The strong flux convergence of kinetic energy in the central Arabian Sea and flux divergence in the northeastern Bay of Bengal weakens during pre- and post- break periods. Significant changes in the diabatic heating horizontal flux of heat and moisture are observed in the monsoon trough zone, central and northwestern Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal and central India sectors show higher magnitudes and changes in respect of dynamic and thermodynamic parameters compared with the Arabian Sea and northern India. 
-Using the Bhatla et al. 2004) reference and your knowledge about the Hadley cell, would you expect a difference in thermodynamic parameters with monsoon magnitude and variability with latitude?

Accepted Answer

A)  yes 
B)  no 
A)  yes 
B)  no

Question 19

Figure 49.1
-Looking at the figure above, which number would designate the tropical wet forest biome?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 20

Figure 49.2
-Based on the data in Figure 49.2, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
B)  Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation. 
C)  Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
D)  Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature. 
A)  Area 2 would be considered a desert because of its low average precipitation. 
B)  Area 2 has a large annual temperature variation. 
C)  Area 1 has more average precipitation than area 2. 
D)  Area 1 would be considered a desert because of its high average temperature.

Exam 49: An Introduction to Ecology

Figure 49.3 -Based on the data in Figure 49.3, which of the following statements is true?

Figure 49.1 -In the figure above, which number would designate the biome with the highest variation in annual precipitation?

Which of the following statements regarding temperate grasslands is FALSE?

In deep water, which of the following abiotic factors would most limit productivity?

Besides sunlight, which would be the next most important climatic factors for plants?

Wetlands are standing bodies of freshwater, just like lakes and ponds. However, wetlands are different from lakes and ponds because

Which of the following statements regarding altitude and climate is FALSE?

Theoretically, which would be the most effective way to disrupt a Hadley cell?

According to the latest hypotheses, why do evergreens predominate in cold environments?

For a species to be called "invasive," it must

Which abiotic factor would have the most significant physiological effect on migrating salmon?

Which is a likely biotic factor limiting songbird distribution in Hawaii to alpine habitats?

A certain species of pine tree survives only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 metres in the western United States. To understand why this tree grows only in these specific places, an ecologist should

Which of the following terms does NOT describe how much all of the plants in a biome grow?

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of climate on biome distribution?

Figure 49.1 -Looking at the figure above, which number would designate the tropical wet forest biome?

Figure 49.2 -Based on the data in Figure 49.2, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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