Question 1

In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a well- developed coelom. 
B)  The mouth develops first, and the anus develops later. 
C)  There is evidence of cephalization. 
D)  The animal is triploblastic. 
E)  The animal is clearly bilaterally symmetrical. 
A)  There is a well- developed coelom. 
B)  The mouth develops first, and the anus develops later. 
C)  There is evidence of cephalization. 
D)  The animal is triploblastic. 
E)  The animal is clearly bilaterally symmetrical.

Question 2

While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you not use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome or a deuterostome?

Accepted Answer

A)  See whether the coelom is formed from a split in the mesoderm or from mesodermal pockets pinched off the gut. 
B)  See whether the animal exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage during early development. 
C)  See whether the pore formed during gastrulation becomes the mature animal's mouth or its anus. 
D)  See whether the ectoderm forms the mature animal's skin/exoskeleton or nervous system. 
A)  See whether the coelom is formed from a split in the mesoderm or from mesodermal pockets pinched off the gut. 
B)  See whether the animal exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage during early development. 
C)  See whether the pore formed during gastrulation becomes the mature animal's mouth or its anus. 
D)  See whether the ectoderm forms the mature animal's skin/exoskeleton or nervous system.

Question 3

If in the future the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is further substantiated, what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

Accepted Answer

A)  The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. 
B)  Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
C)  Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
D)  The fossil record will henceforth be ignored. 
E)  The fossil evidence will be understood to have been interpreted incorrectly because it is incomplete. 
A)  The contrary fossil evidence will be seen as a hoax. 
B)  Phylogenies involving even the smallest bit of fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
C)  Only phylogenies based solely on fossil evidence will need to be discarded. 
D)  The fossil record will henceforth be ignored. 
E)  The fossil evidence will be understood to have been interpreted incorrectly because it is incomplete.

Question 4

If you think of the tube- within- a- tube body plan as a pipe with a straw inside, where would you expect to find most of the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers, respectively?

Accepted Answer

A)  straw; space between pipe and straw; pipe 
B)  pipe; straw; space inside of straw 
C)  space inside of straw; straw; space between pipe and straw 
D)  pipe; space between pipe and straw; straw 
A)  straw; space between pipe and straw; pipe 
B)  pipe; straw; space inside of straw 
C)  space inside of straw; straw; space between pipe and straw 
D)  pipe; space between pipe and straw; straw

Question 5

Comb jellies may not be the most familiar animal to you, but they are critical in the food chain because they make up a significant portion of the planktonic biomass. Their feeding strategy is predatory and involves adhesives or mucous on their tentacles or other body parts. What feeding tactic do these animals use?

Accepted Answer

A)  suspension feeder 
B)  fluid feeder 
C)  food- mass feeder 
D)  deposit feeder 
A)  suspension feeder 
B)  fluid feeder 
C)  food- mass feeder 
D)  deposit feeder

Question 6

Suppose you came across a novel organism you suspected belonged to one of the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, or Acoelomorpha. Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in placing the organism into the correct phylum?

Accepted Answer

A)  whether the organism has a coelom 
B)  the organism's habitat 
C)  the organism's feeding strategy 
D)  whether the organism has a gut 
E)  whether adults are sessile or motile 
A)  whether the organism has a coelom 
B)  the organism's habitat 
C)  the organism's feeding strategy 
D)  whether the organism has a gut 
E)  whether adults are sessile or motile

Question 7

The text describes four ways, or tactics, of feeding. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

Accepted Answer

A)  suspension feeding 
B)  herbivory feeding 
C)  deposit feeding 
D)  food- mass feeding 
E)  fluid feeding 
A)  suspension feeding 
B)  herbivory feeding 
C)  deposit feeding 
D)  food- mass feeding 
E)  fluid feeding

Question 8

Parasitism is one of the most successful life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the following is consistent with this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parasites do not generally kill their hosts, thus they can feed on the same host throughout the host's normal life span and do not have competition from decomposers. 
B)  Parasites, unlike predators, feed on almost all the tissues of their host. 
C)  Parasites generally kill their host and can feed for a very long time because they are much smaller than their host. 
D)  Parasites almost always predigest their hosts' tissues and, therefore, spend less energy and require fewer structural adaptations. 
A)  Parasites do not generally kill their hosts, thus they can feed on the same host throughout the host's normal life span and do not have competition from decomposers. 
B)  Parasites, unlike predators, feed on almost all the tissues of their host. 
C)  Parasites generally kill their host and can feed for a very long time because they are much smaller than their host. 
D)  Parasites almost always predigest their hosts' tissues and, therefore, spend less energy and require fewer structural adaptations.

Question 9

Limbs-especially jointed limbs-are an important evolutionary development because they allow animals to

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo complete metamorphosis. 
B)  have young disperse from sessile adults. 
C)  develop an endoskeleton. 
D)  move quickly and precisely. 
E)  inhabit aquatic environments. 
A)  undergo complete metamorphosis. 
B)  have young disperse from sessile adults. 
C)  develop an endoskeleton. 
D)  move quickly and precisely. 
E)  inhabit aquatic environments.

Question 10

Which of the following is true about sponges? Sponges

Accepted Answer

A)  have feeding cells called spicules. 
B)  have a nerve net but not a central nervous system. 
C)  have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of cilia. 
D)  are the simplest diploblastic animals. 
E)  exhibit bilateral symmetry. 
A)  have feeding cells called spicules. 
B)  have a nerve net but not a central nervous system. 
C)  have larvae that are motile and move via the motion of cilia. 
D)  are the simplest diploblastic animals. 
E)  exhibit bilateral symmetry.

Question 11

Which tissue type, or organ, is not correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  stomach-endoderm 
B)  skin-ectoderm 
C)  muscular-mesoderm 
D)  nervous-mesoderm 
E)  skeletal-mesoderm 
A)  stomach-endoderm 
B)  skin-ectoderm 
C)  muscular-mesoderm 
D)  nervous-mesoderm 
E)  skeletal-mesoderm

Question 12

Figure 30.2
-Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in Figure 30.2 above?

Accepted Answer

A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  coelom 
C)  protostome development 
D)  segmentation 
E)  tissue 
A)  bilateral symmetry 
B)  coelom 
C)  protostome development 
D)  segmentation 
E)  tissue

Question 13

Which feeding tactic is most associated with a large- toothed, predatory carnivore?

Accepted Answer

A)  suspension feeder 
B)  deposit feeder 
C)  fluid feeder 
D)  food- mass feeder 
A)  suspension feeder 
B)  deposit feeder 
C)  fluid feeder 
D)  food- mass feeder

Question 14

What would an adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry most likely be?

Accepted Answer

A)  triploblastic 
B)  a coelomate 
C)  a deuterostome 
D)  diploblastic 
A)  triploblastic 
B)  a coelomate 
C)  a deuterostome 
D)  diploblastic

Question 15

Which reproductive strategy is facilitated by i.e. is easier to use in) an aquatic habitat, as compared with a terrestrial habitat?

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual reproduction 
B)  external fertilization 
C)  internal fertilization 
D)  viviparity 
E)  sexual reproduction 
A)  asexual reproduction 
B)  external fertilization 
C)  internal fertilization 
D)  viviparity 
E)  sexual reproduction

Question 16

Use Figure 30.3 and the following information when answering the next question.
In a review paper published in 2000, Adoutte et al. examined some animal phylogenies generated by comparing the ribosoma rRNA) of animals from many different phyla. They then integrated these independently created phylogenies into one phylog best fit all the data.
Figure 30.4 compares a traditional phylogeny based on morphological characteristics A) to the new molecular- based phylog described by Adoutte et al. B).
Note that platyhelminthes, nemerteans, and entoprocts, which do not have coeloms and are classified as acoelomates in the morphological phylogeny, are reclassified as lophotrochozoans in the molecular phylogeny. Similarly, groups classified as pseudocoelomates in the morphological phylogeny are reclassified as either lophotrochozoans or ecdysozoans in the molecula phylogeny; other lophotrochozoans and ecdysozoans have coeloms. 
A. Adoutte, G. Balavoine, N. Lartillot, O. Lespinet, B. Prud'homme, and R. de Rosa. 2000. The new animal phylogeny.
  Figure 30.3
-What does this reclassification based on molecular data imply about the evolution of acoelomates, pseudocoelomates, and coelomates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudocoelomates can be seen as an intermediate stage between acoelomate and coelomate development. 
B)  Some pseudocoelomates and acoelomates have evolved from coelomates. 
C)  Although acoelomates and pseudocoelomates evolved only once, coelomates evolved multiple times in different lineages. 
D)  Only the animals that evolved earliest are acoelomates. 
A)  Pseudocoelomates can be seen as an intermediate stage between acoelomate and coelomate development. 
B)  Some pseudocoelomates and acoelomates have evolved from coelomates. 
C)  Although acoelomates and pseudocoelomates evolved only once, coelomates evolved multiple times in different lineages. 
D)  Only the animals that evolved earliest are acoelomates.

Question 17

Bilateral symmetry is advantageous primarily because it allows for the development of

Accepted Answer

A)  duplicate body parts in case of injury. 
B)  limbs for the infant to attach to a parent. 
C)  a specialized head and posterior. 
D)  a specialized body cavity. 
E)  a hydrostatic skeleton. 
A)  duplicate body parts in case of injury. 
B)  limbs for the infant to attach to a parent. 
C)  a specialized head and posterior. 
D)  a specialized body cavity. 
E)  a hydrostatic skeleton.

Question 18

Although our current understanding of why coral bleaching occurs is incomplete, which of the following is consistent with the most commonly held hypothesis of this phenomenon as discussed in your text?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the number of planktonic, photosynthetic organisms available decreases due to increased predation, fewer symbionts are available for the corals to associate with. 
B)  As pollutants and global temperatures continue to rise, corals will have more difficulty manufacturing the photosynthetic pigments they need to produce their own food. 
C)  As the number of pollutants dumped into the world's oceans increases, more and more corals will use symbionts that are not photosynthetic. 
D)  As global temperatures continue to rise, corals will expel more of their colourful, photosynthetic symbionts. 
A)  As the number of planktonic, photosynthetic organisms available decreases due to increased predation, fewer symbionts are available for the corals to associate with. 
B)  As pollutants and global temperatures continue to rise, corals will have more difficulty manufacturing the photosynthetic pigments they need to produce their own food. 
C)  As the number of pollutants dumped into the world's oceans increases, more and more corals will use symbionts that are not photosynthetic. 
D)  As global temperatures continue to rise, corals will expel more of their colourful, photosynthetic symbionts.

Question 19

Suppose all of the suspension feeders were removed from a lake. What would you expect to happen after a brief period of time?

Accepted Answer

A)  The water would become murkier. 
B)  The water would become clearer. 
C)  The water would remain the same. 
A)  The water would become murkier. 
B)  The water would become clearer. 
C)  The water would remain the same.

Question 20

Which one of the following objects most closely resembles the pattern of the tube- within- a- tube body plan?

Accepted Answer

A)  a bowling ball with finger holes drilled) 
B)  a pipe with a straw inside 
C)  a soda can with the tab removed 
D)  a cup with a straw in it 
A)  a bowling ball with finger holes drilled) 
B)  a pipe with a straw inside 
C)  a soda can with the tab removed 
D)  a cup with a straw in it

Exam 30: An Introduction to Animals

In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome?

While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you not use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome or a deuterostome?

If in the future the current molecular evidence regarding animal origins is further substantiated, what will be true of any contrary evidence regarding the origin of animals derived from the fossil record?

If you think of the tube- within- a- tube body plan as a pipe with a straw inside, where would you expect to find most of the ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal germ layers, respectively?

Suppose you came across a novel organism you suspected belonged to one of the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Ctenophora, or Acoelomorpha. Which of the following characteristics would not be helpful in placing the organism into the correct phylum?

The text describes four ways, or tactics, of feeding. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

Parasitism is one of the most successful life strategies ever to evolve. Which of the following is consistent with this finding?

Limbs-especially jointed limbs-are an important evolutionary development because they allow animals to

Which of the following is true about sponges? Sponges

Which tissue type, or organ, is not correctly matched with its germ layer tissue?

Figure 30.2 -Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in Figure 30.2 above?

Which feeding tactic is most associated with a large- toothed, predatory carnivore?

What would an adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry most likely be?

Which reproductive strategy is facilitated by i.e. is easier to use in) an aquatic habitat, as compared with a terrestrial habitat?

Bilateral symmetry is advantageous primarily because it allows for the development of

Although our current understanding of why coral bleaching occurs is incomplete, which of the following is consistent with the most commonly held hypothesis of this phenomenon as discussed in your text?

Suppose all of the suspension feeders were removed from a lake. What would you expect to happen after a brief period of time?

Which one of the following objects most closely resembles the pattern of the tube- within- a- tube body plan?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Energy and Enzymes

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cellcell Interactions

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription, Rna Processing, and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology and Beyond

Gene Structure and Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Algae and Land Plants

Fungi

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Animal Nervous Systems

Animal Sensory Systems

Animal Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction and Development

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioural Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Global Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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