Question 1

Compare the glycosyltransferase enzyme expression that results in the ABO blood groups.

Accepted Answer

Human ABO blood types are determined by

Question 2

Two homozygous parents express the GTA glycosyltransferase. What is the probability of a child with an A blood type?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  75% 
D)  100% 
A)  0% 
B)  25% 
C)  75% 
D)  100%

Question 3

Approximately how many glucose molecules would be present in an amylose polymer with 15 turns of the helix?

Accepted Answer

A)  60 
B)  75 
C)  90 
D)  105 
A)  60 
B)  75 
C)  90 
D)  105

Question 4

Why are glycans more difficult to structurally analyze compared with proteins or nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins are smaller than most glycans. 
B)  Nucleic acids are polar, whereas most glycans are nonpolar. 
C)  Sugar synthesis is a template-directed process. 
D)  Glycans have sugar isomers with identical masses. 
A)  Proteins are smaller than most glycans. 
B)  Nucleic acids are polar, whereas most glycans are nonpolar. 
C)  Sugar synthesis is a template-directed process. 
D)  Glycans have sugar isomers with identical masses.

Question 5

Explain how penicillin functions.

Accepted Answer

Penicillin blocks bacterial cell wall bi

Question 6

Approximately 11 different monosaccharides are used as building blocks of glycan groups in glycoconjugates. However, a predictive sugar code has been difficult to identify. Propose three reasons for this difficulty.

Accepted Answer

Unlike other biological molecules (DNA,

Question 7

Compared with amylopectin, amylose has glycosidic bonds.

Accepted Answer

A)  more $\alpha$-1,6 
B)  fewer $\alpha$-1,6 
C)  only $\alpha$-1,4 
D)  only $\alpha$-1,6 
A)  more $\alpha$-1,6 
B)  fewer $\alpha$-1,6 
C)  only $\alpha$-1,4 
D)  only $\alpha$-1,6

Question 8

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize, secrete, and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells. Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 9

Which enzyme is produced by penicillin-resistant bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  "$\beta$-lactamase" 
B)  "peptidase" 
C)  "transpeptidase" 
D)  "$\alpha$-galactosidase" 
A)  "$\beta$-lactamase" 
B)  "peptidase" 
C)  "transpeptidase" 
D)  "$\alpha$-galactosidase"

Question 10

The image below shows a(n) glycosidic bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  "$\alpha$-1,4-" 
B)  "$\beta$-1,4-" 
C)  "$\alpha$-1,6-" 
D)  "$\beta$-1,6-" 
A)  "$\alpha$-1,4-" 
B)  "$\beta$-1,4-" 
C)  "$\alpha$-1,6-" 
D)  "$\beta$-1,6-"

Question 11

The glycan fragment shown below on the right has been cleaved by glycosylase enzymes and HPLC analysis has produced the peaks 1 to 6. Which of the following fragments corresponds to peak 1?

Accepted Answer

A)    
B)    
C)    
D)    
A)    
B)    
C)    
D)

Question 12

What type of bond is responsible for the rigid nature of the polysaccharide fibril structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  London forces 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds 
A)  London forces 
B)  ionic bonds 
C)  covalent bonds 
D)  hydrogen bonds

Question 13

Explain how sucrose is related to raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose.

Accepted Answer

The raffinose-series oligosacc

Question 14

What challenges are encountered during the structural characterization of glycans on glycoconjugates? Compare the two approaches used to overcome the characterization challenges presented by glycans.

Accepted Answer

Glycans have multiple bonding arrangemen

Question 15

Which disaccharide can be found in fermented beverages such as beer?

Accepted Answer

A)  sucrose 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactose 
D)  maltose 
A)  sucrose 
B)  glucose 
C)  lactose 
D)  maltose

Question 16

Why are some bacteria resistant to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Some bacteria produce an enzyme called @#LAT-DLM&-

Question 17

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose. 
B)  lactose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  raffinose. 
A)  glucose. 
B)  lactose. 
C)  starch. 
D)  raffinose.

Question 18

Amylose can form stable left-handed helical structures because of

Accepted Answer

A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds. 
A)  London forces. 
B)  ionic bonds. 
C)  covalent bonds. 
D)  hydrogen bonds.

Question 19

The image below shows a(n) glycosidic bond.

Accepted Answer

A)  "$\alpha$-1,4-" 
B)  "$\beta$-1,4-" 
C)  "$\alpha$-1,6-" 
D)  "$\beta$-1,6-" 
A)  "$\alpha$-1,4-" 
B)  "$\beta$-1,4-" 
C)  "$\alpha$-1,6-" 
D)  "$\beta$-1,6-"

Question 20

What are the biological implication of the increased branching in glycogen compared with amylopectin and amylose?

Accepted Answer

The increased branching in gly

Exam 13: Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Compare the glycosyltransferase enzyme expression that results in the ABO blood groups.

Two homozygous parents express the GTA glycosyltransferase. What is the probability of a child with an A blood type?

Approximately how many glucose molecules would be present in an amylose polymer with 15 turns of the helix?

Why are glycans more difficult to structurally analyze compared with proteins or nucleic acids?

Explain how penicillin functions.

Approximately 11 different monosaccharides are used as building blocks of glycan groups in glycoconjugates. However, a predictive sugar code has been difficult to identify. Propose three reasons for this difficulty.

Compared with amylopectin, amylose has glycosidic bonds.

The following figure shows the cellular processes that synthesize, secrete, and recognize glycoconjugates in eukaryotic cells. Identify the cell surface glycoconjugates.

Which enzyme is produced by penicillin-resistant bacteria?

The image below shows a(n) glycosidic bond.

The glycan fragment shown below on the right has been cleaved by glycosylase enzymes and HPLC analysis has produced the peaks 1 to 6. Which of the following fragments corresponds to peak 1?

What type of bond is responsible for the rigid nature of the polysaccharide fibril structure?

Explain how sucrose is related to raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose.

What challenges are encountered during the structural characterization of glycans on glycoconjugates? Compare the two approaches used to overcome the characterization challenges presented by glycans.

Which disaccharide can be found in fermented beverages such as beer?

Why are some bacteria resistant to penicillin?

Eating large amounts of vegetables can cause flatulence because of the presence of

Amylose can form stable left-handed helical structures because of

The image below shows a(n) glycosidic bond.

What are the biological implication of the increased branching in glycogen compared with amylopectin and amylose?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

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