Question 1

What is the melting temperature from the DNA absorbance shown in the figure below?

Accepted Answer

A)  80 $\degree$C 
B)  85 $\degree$C 
C)  90 $\degree$C 
D)  95 $\degree$C 
A)  80 $\degree$C 
B)  85 $\degree$C 
C)  90 $\degree$C 
D)  95 $\degree$C B

Question 2

The DNA double helix is considered to be a structure.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary 
A)  primary 
B)  secondary 
C)  tertiary 
D)  quaternary B

Question 3

Explain the difference between the coding strand and the template strand of DNA as it relates to RNA transcription.

Accepted Answer

When DNA is transcribed into RNA, the coding strand has the same base sequence as the RNA transcript. The template strand has a complementary sequence to the transcribed RNA.

Question 4

Which form(s) of DNA exhibit(s) a zigzag arrangement?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA 
A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA

Question 5

Compare and contrast a monocistronic gene and a polycistronic gene.

Accepted Answer

Monocistronic genes contain a promoter a

Question 6

In a single RNA transcript, polycistronic prokaryotic genes encode protein(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  multiple 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  three 
D)  multiple

Question 7

How does the ionic strength of DNA affect the Tm? Explain.

Accepted Answer

Increasing the ionic strength of the sol

Question 8

Individual nucleotide changes to the genome cause a polymorphism called

Accepted Answer

A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism. 
A)  short tandem repeats. 
B)  variable number tandem repeats. 
C)  long tandem repeats. 
D)  single nucleotide polymorphism.

Question 9

What is the benefit of comparing a human disease gene to similar genes in other organisms using a bioinformatics tool such as BLAST?

Accepted Answer

The comparison can lead to insight into

Question 10

In viral transduction, DNA is transferred when

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium. 
A)  bacteriophages infect bacteria. 
B)  foreign DNA fragments are inserted into the plasmid using multiple cloning sites. 
C)  there is a horizontal gene transfer during the bacteria mating process. 
D)  a dead bacterium releases DNA into the environment and it is obtained by another bacterium.

Question 11

A sequence of B-DNA contains 78,000 base pairs. Analysis shows that 42% are C-G base pairs. Answer the following questions and show your mathematical work.
a. How many pyrimidine bases are in this sequence?
b. How many nucleotides are cytosines?
c. How many nucleotides are thymines?
d. How many hydrogen bonds does this sequence contain?
e. How many turns of the double helix occur in this sequence?

Accepted Answer

a. Each base pair contains a pyrimidine

Question 12

Chromatin that consists of more condensed regions of mostly noncoding DNA are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleosomes. 
B)  histones. 
C)  heterochromatin. 
D)  euchromatin. 
A)  nucleosomes. 
B)  histones. 
C)  heterochromatin. 
D)  euchromatin.

Question 13

The $\beta$-galactosidase gene that is inserted into plasmid cloning vectors is used to

Accepted Answer

A)  cleave the DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. 
B)  disrupt the antibiotic-resistance gene, making it nonfunctional. 
C)  determine if the cloning has been successful. 
D)  protect the bacteria from bacteriophage infection. 
A)  cleave the DNA in a sequence-specific fashion. 
B)  disrupt the antibiotic-resistance gene, making it nonfunctional. 
C)  determine if the cloning has been successful. 
D)  protect the bacteria from bacteriophage infection.

Question 14

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where DNA is denatured and the strands are separated.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 15

Describe and explain what occurs at the three temperature phases in PCR.

Accepted Answer

In the first temperature phase, the DNA

Question 16

Not all single nucleotide polymorphisms cause a phenotypic change because sometimes the changes occur in the

Accepted Answer

A)  coding region. 
B)  noncoding region. 
C)  promoter sequence. 
D)  telomeres. 
A)  coding region. 
B)  noncoding region. 
C)  promoter sequence. 
D)  telomeres.

Question 17

The DNA of a bacteria was isolated and it was determined that 15% of the DNA is composed of cytosine. What percentage of the DNA is guanine?

Accepted Answer

A)  15% 
B)  30% 
C)  35% 
D)  70% 
A)  15% 
B)  30% 
C)  35% 
D)  70%

Question 18

The mixing and matching of novel genes in eukaryotic cells occurs through

Accepted Answer

A)  operons. 
B)  exon shuffling. 
C)  promoter regions. 
D)  untranslated regions. 
A)  operons. 
B)  exon shuffling. 
C)  promoter regions. 
D)  untranslated regions.

Question 19

Explain the difference between a negative supercoil and a positive supercoil.

Accepted Answer

A negative supercoil is when t

Question 20

Which form(s) of DNA exhibit(s) a right-handed helical structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA 
A)  A-DNA 
B)  B-DNA 
C)  Z-DNA 
D)  A-DNA and B-DNA

Exam 3: Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

What is the melting temperature from the DNA absorbance shown in the figure below?

The DNA double helix is considered to be a structure.

Explain the difference between the coding strand and the template strand of DNA as it relates to RNA transcription.

Which form(s) of DNA exhibit(s) a zigzag arrangement?

Compare and contrast a monocistronic gene and a polycistronic gene.

In a single RNA transcript, polycistronic prokaryotic genes encode protein(s).

How does the ionic strength of DNA affect the Tm? Explain.

Individual nucleotide changes to the genome cause a polymorphism called

What is the benefit of comparing a human disease gene to similar genes in other organisms using a bioinformatics tool such as BLAST?

In viral transduction, DNA is transferred when

Chromatin that consists of more condensed regions of mostly noncoding DNA are referred to as

The β\betaβ -galactosidase gene that is inserted into plasmid cloning vectors is used to

Identify the phase of PCR amplification where DNA is denatured and the strands are separated.

Describe and explain what occurs at the three temperature phases in PCR.

Not all single nucleotide polymorphisms cause a phenotypic change because sometimes the changes occur in the

The DNA of a bacteria was isolated and it was determined that 15% of the DNA is composed of cytosine. What percentage of the DNA is guanine?

The mixing and matching of novel genes in eukaryotic cells occurs through

Explain the difference between a negative supercoil and a positive supercoil.

Which form(s) of DNA exhibit(s) a right-handed helical structure?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

How does the ionic strength of DNA affect the T_m? Explain.

The $\beta$ -galactosidase gene that is inserted into plasmid cloning vectors is used to