Question 1

What best describes the composition of the spliceosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 
B)  RNA only 
C)  protein 
D)  mRNA 
A)  small nuclear ribonucleoprotein 
B)  RNA only 
C)  protein 
D)  mRNA A

Question 2

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found on

Accepted Answer

A)  exons of protein-coding genes. 
B)  introns of protein-coding genes. 
C)  non-functional rRNA. 
D)  protein-coding mRNA. 
A)  exons of protein-coding genes. 
B)  introns of protein-coding genes. 
C)  non-functional rRNA. 
D)  protein-coding mRNA. B

Question 3

The function of DNase I is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  cuts DNA whenever DNA binding proteins are present. 
B)  cuts double-stranded DNA by cutting phosphodiester bonds. 
C)  cuts DNA binding proteins. 
D)  makes an RNA copy of DNA. 
A)  cuts DNA whenever DNA binding proteins are present. 
B)  cuts double-stranded DNA by cutting phosphodiester bonds. 
C)  cuts DNA binding proteins. 
D)  makes an RNA copy of DNA. B

Question 4

Why must tRNA contain base modifications?

Accepted Answer

tRNAs have very similar second

Question 5

Using the picture below, describe the three ways that RNA is a highly dynamic biomolecule.

Accepted Answer

(1) Part a illustrates that RNA is synth

Question 6

What is the biggest difference between miRNA and siRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  One is derived from the nucleus and one is derived from double-stranded RNA. 
B)  One regulates gene expression, whereas the other regulates protein synthesis. 
C)  One binds to mRNA and suppresses its translation and one binds to mRNA and signals degradation. 
D)  One binds to the DNA gene and inhibits transcription and one binds to the mRNA and signals degradation. 
A)  One is derived from the nucleus and one is derived from double-stranded RNA. 
B)  One regulates gene expression, whereas the other regulates protein synthesis. 
C)  One binds to mRNA and suppresses its translation and one binds to mRNA and signals degradation. 
D)  One binds to the DNA gene and inhibits transcription and one binds to the mRNA and signals degradation.

Question 7

Describe what is depicted in the figure below and explain the role of Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran).

Accepted Answer

The different classes of RNAs are transp

Question 8

Which is true of ribozymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have conserved primary sequences. 
B)  They are not true catalysts. 
C)  They are transcription factors. 
D)  They have conserved secondary and tertiary structures. 
A)  They have conserved primary sequences. 
B)  They are not true catalysts. 
C)  They are transcription factors. 
D)  They have conserved secondary and tertiary structures.

Question 9

Define RNA interference (RNAi) and name the RNA class responsible for RNAi.

Accepted Answer

RNA interference refers to the

Question 10

Prokaryotic transcription could terminate by

Accepted Answer

A)  association of a $\sigma$ factor with the DNA. 
B)  RNA with GC stem loop structures. 
C)  a G-rich region on the DNA. 
D)  RNA polymerase without the elongation factor. 
A)  association of a $\sigma$ factor with the DNA. 
B)  RNA with GC stem loop structures. 
C)  a G-rich region on the DNA. 
D)  RNA polymerase without the elongation factor.

Question 11

List the classes and types of noncoding RNAs that are found typically in eukaryotic organisms.

Accepted Answer

Short noncoding RNAs include (1) micro R

Question 12

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the poly(A) tail to mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  cleavage stimulatory factor (CStF) 
B)  poly(
A)  polymerase 
C)  cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) 
D)  poly(
A)  binding protein 
A)  cleavage stimulatory factor (CStF) 
B)  poly(
A)  polymerase 
C)  cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) 
D)  poly(
A)  binding protein

Question 13

Approximately how many different types of RNA promotors are needed in eukaryotic systems?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 14

What is a difference between group I and group II introns?

Accepted Answer

A)  intron cleaving versus exon ligating abilities 
B)  cis versus trans cleaving capabilities 
C)  linear versus lariat intron products 
D)  nucleophilic versus electrophilic hydroxyl attacks 
A)  intron cleaving versus exon ligating abilities 
B)  cis versus trans cleaving capabilities 
C)  linear versus lariat intron products 
D)  nucleophilic versus electrophilic hydroxyl attacks

Question 15

At what point during transcription does the F$\sigma$factor dissociate from the RNA polymerase?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the initiation phase 
B)  in the termination phase 
C)  before the elongation phase 
D)  during the elongation phase 
A)  in the initiation phase 
B)  in the termination phase 
C)  before the elongation phase 
D)  during the elongation phase

Question 16

Many noncoding RNAs are involved in gene silencing. Gene silencing refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the splicing of mRNA into alternative transcripts. 
B)  defense mechanisms against RNA viruses. 
C)  mechanisms inhibiting gene expression. 
D)  the modification of genes through RNA-mediated mutation. 
A)  the splicing of mRNA into alternative transcripts. 
B)  defense mechanisms against RNA viruses. 
C)  mechanisms inhibiting gene expression. 
D)  the modification of genes through RNA-mediated mutation.

Question 17

Which class of RNA molecule is typically the shortest in length?

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer RNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  small nuclear RNA 
D)  micro RNA 
A)  transfer RNA 
B)  messenger RNA 
C)  small nuclear RNA 
D)  micro RNA

Question 18

The group I and group II introns catalyze which class of reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  transferase 
B)  cleavage 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  transesterification 
A)  transferase 
B)  cleavage 
C)  hydrolysis 
D)  transesterification

Question 19

A knockout mutation in the X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) lncRNA of mice would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  one inactivated X chromosome in female mice. 
B)  the inhibited transcription and translation of X-linked proteins. 
C)  two inactive X chromosomes in female mice. 
D)  two active X chromosomes in female mice. 
A)  one inactivated X chromosome in female mice. 
B)  the inhibited transcription and translation of X-linked proteins. 
C)  two inactive X chromosomes in female mice. 
D)  two active X chromosomes in female mice.

Question 20

Which is often removed from eukaryotic mRNA before translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  poly(
A)  tails 
B)  exons 
C)  polycistrons 
D)  introns 
A)  poly(
A)  tails 
B)  exons 
C)  polycistrons 
D)  introns

Exam 21: RNA Synthesis, Processing, and Gene Silencing

What best describes the composition of the spliceosome?

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are found on

The function of DNase I is that it

Why must tRNA contain base modifications?

Using the picture below, describe the three ways that RNA is a highly dynamic biomolecule.

What is the biggest difference between miRNA and siRNA?

Describe what is depicted in the figure below and explain the role of Ras-related nuclear protein (Ran).

Which is true of ribozymes?

Define RNA interference (RNAi) and name the RNA class responsible for RNAi.

Prokaryotic transcription could terminate by

List the classes and types of noncoding RNAs that are found typically in eukaryotic organisms.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the poly(A) tail to mRNA?

Approximately how many different types of RNA promotors are needed in eukaryotic systems?

What is a difference between group I and group II introns?

At what point during transcription does the F σ\sigmaσ factor dissociate from the RNA polymerase?

Many noncoding RNAs are involved in gene silencing. Gene silencing refers to

Which class of RNA molecule is typically the shortest in length?

The group I and group II introns catalyze which class of reaction?

A knockout mutation in the X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) lncRNA of mice would result in

Which is often removed from eukaryotic mRNA before translation?

Principles of Biochemistry

Physical Biochemistry: Energy Conversion, Water, and Membranes

Nucleic Acid Structure and Function

Protein Structure

Methods in Protein Biochemistry

Protein Function

Enzyme Mechanisms

Cell Signaling Systems

Glycolysis: a Paradigm of Metabolic Regulation

The Citrate Cycle

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Carbohydrate Structure and Function

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Lipid Structure and Function

Lipid Metabolism

Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotide Metabolism

Metabolic Integration

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Protein Synthesis, Posttranslational Modification, and Transport

Gene Regulation

Filters

At what point during transcription does the F $\sigma$ factor dissociate from the RNA polymerase?