Match between columns Premises: Lysosomes are small organelles where fatty acid synthesis occurs. The number of mitochondria inside a cell remains constant over the life of the cell. Membrane components in the cell are made in the endoplasmic reticulum. The Golgi apparatus is made up of a series of membrane-enclosed compartments through which materials destined for secretion must pass. With respect to cellular respiration, the only organelles used by animal cells are mitochondria, while plant cells use both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

The Answer of False and True is...

Exam 1: Cells: The Fundamental Units of Life

Evolutionary biologists have always used a broad range of modern organisms to infer the characteristics that ancestral organisms may have possessed.Genomic sequences are now available for an increasing number of species, and scientists studying evolutionary processes can take advantage of this enormous amount of data to bring evolution into the arena of molecular studies.By aligning the sequences of homologous genes and looking for regions of similarity and where changes have occurred, it is possible to infer the sequence of the ancestral gene. A.What term is used to describe the changes in gene sequences that have occurred? How can we use what we know about this process to construct a time line showing when various sequence changes occurred and when they led to the modern sequences that we know today? B.It is possible to express an ancestral gene sequence in modern organisms and subsequently compare the function of its product with that of the modern protein.Why might this approach give misleading conclusions?

Free

(Essay)

4.9/5

(33)

Question 1

Correct Answer:

Verified

A.Changes in gene sequence occur through mutation.Mutations accumulate over time, occurring independently and at different sites in each gene lineage.Homologous genes that diverged recently will differ only slightly; genes that diverged long ago will differ more.Knowing the average mutation rate, you can estimate the time that has elapsed since the different versions of the gene diverged.By seeing how closely the various members of the family of homologous genes resemble one another, you can draw up a family tree, showing the sequence of lineage splits that lead from the ancestral gene to its many modern descendants.Suppose this family tree shows that family members A and B diverged from one another long ago, but that C diverged from B more recently; and suppose that at a certain site in the gene, A and B have the same sequence but C is different.Then, it is likely that the sequence of A and B is ancestral, while that of C reflects a recent mutation that has occurred in the lineage of C alone.
B.Although an inferred ancestral sequence can be reconstructed, and the protein expressed, you would be placing an inferred, ancient protein in the context of a modern cell.If there are important interacting partners for the modern protein, there is a chance they may not recognize the ancestral protein, and therefore any information about its function may be inaccurate.

Which species was the key model organism for the advancement of molecular biology (understanding DNA replication, decoding the DNA to make proteins, etc.)?

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(36)

Question 2

Correct Answer:

Verified

The world of prokaryotes is divided into two domains (bacteria and archaea), each as different from each other as from eukaryotes.Select the observable characteristic that BEST separates archaea from bacteria.

Free

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(31)

Question 3

Correct Answer:

Verified

Which three characteristics best support the rapid evolution of prokaryotic populations?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(30)

Question 4

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If the statement is false, explain why it is false.

Lysosomes are small organelles where fatty acid synthesis occurs.

False

The number of mitochondria inside a cell remains constant over the life of the cell.

True

Membrane components in the cell are made in the endoplasmic reticulum.

Correct Answer:

Verified

Lysosomes are small organelles where fatty acid synthesis occurs.

The number of mitochondria inside a cell remains constant over the life of the cell.

(Matching)

4.8/5

(30)

Question 5

What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical plant or animal cell?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(42)

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about mutations?

(Multiple Choice)

4.7/5

(24)

Question 7

Cellular populations in bacterial colonies and the human body both start with single founder cells, yet these two collections of cells are vastly different.What is the primary reason for these differences?

(Essay)

4.9/5

(28)

Question 8

Choose the phrase that best completes this sentence: Microtubules __________ and are required to pull duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles of dividing cells.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(36)

Question 9

Scientists learned that cell death is a normal and even important part of life by studying the development of the nematode worm C.elegans.What was the most important feature of C.elegans for the study of programmed cell death?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(37)

Question 10

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are especially useful in the study of early development because their embryos

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(31)

Question 11

The central dogma provides a framework for thinking about how genetic information is copied and used to produce structural and catalytic components of the cell.From the choices below, select the order of biochemical processes that best correlates with the tenets of the central dogma.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(25)

Question 12

Prokaryotic cells do not possess

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(36)

Question 13

Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(35)

Question 14

You fertilize egg cells from a healthy plant with pollen (which contains the male germ cells) that has been treated with DNA-damaging agents.You find that some of the offspring have defective chloroplasts, and that this characteristic can be passed on to future generations.This surprises you at first because you happen to know that the male germ cell in the pollen grain contributes no chloroplasts to the fertilized egg cell and thus to the offspring.What can you deduce from these results?

(Essay)

4.7/5

(26)

Question 15

Cell biologists employ targeted fluorescent dyes or modified fluorescent proteins in both standard fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy to observe specific details in the cell.Even though fluorescence permits better visualization, the resolving power is essentially the same as that of a standard light microscope because the resolving power of a fluorescent microscope is still limited by the __________ of visible light.

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(37)

Question 16

Indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE.If the statement is false, explain why it is false.

Primitive plant, animal, and fungal cells probably acquired mitochondria after they diverged from a common ancestor.

True

Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotes with cell morphologies and behaviors that can be as complex as those of some multicellular organisms.

False

The first eukaryotic cells on Earth must have been aerobic; otherwise, they would not have been able to survive when the planet's atmosphere became oxygen-rich.

Correct Answer:

Verified

Primitive plant, animal, and fungal cells probably acquired mitochondria after they diverged from a common ancestor.

Protozoans are single-celled eukaryotes with cell morphologies and behaviors that can be as complex as those of some multicellular organisms.

(Matching)

4.8/5

(34)

Question 17

The nucleus, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, confines the __________, keeping them separated from other components of the cell.

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(41)

Question 18

Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, a process that uses oxygen, generates carbon dioxide, and produces chemical energy for the cell.Which answer below indicates a correct pairing of the material "burned" and the form of energy produced during cellular respiration?

(Multiple Choice)

4.8/5

(40)

Question 19

The cell constantly exchanges materials by bringing nutrients in from the external environment and shuttling unwanted by-products back out.Which term describes the process by which external materials are captured inside transport vesicles and brought into the cell?

(Multiple Choice)

4.9/5

(42)

Question 20

Showing 1 - 20 of 64

Which species was the key model organism for the advancement of molecular biology (understanding DNA replication, decoding the DNA to make proteins, etc.)?

The world of prokaryotes is divided into two domains (bacteria and archaea), each as different from each other as from eukaryotes.Select the observable characteristic that BEST separates archaea from bacteria.

Which three characteristics best support the rapid evolution of prokaryotic populations?

What unit of length would you generally use to measure a typical plant or animal cell?

Which statement is NOT true about mutations?

Cellular populations in bacterial colonies and the human body both start with single founder cells, yet these two collections of cells are vastly different.What is the primary reason for these differences?

Choose the phrase that best completes this sentence: Microtubules __________ and are required to pull duplicated chromosomes to opposite poles of dividing cells.

Scientists learned that cell death is a normal and even important part of life by studying the development of the nematode worm C.elegans.What was the most important feature of C.elegans for the study of programmed cell death?

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) are especially useful in the study of early development because their embryos

The central dogma provides a framework for thinking about how genetic information is copied and used to produce structural and catalytic components of the cell.From the choices below, select the order of biochemical processes that best correlates with the tenets of the central dogma.

Prokaryotic cells do not possess

Which of the following organelles has both an outer and an inner membrane?

The nucleus, an organelle found in eukaryotic cells, confines the __________, keeping them separated from other components of the cell.

Mitochondria perform cellular respiration, a process that uses oxygen, generates carbon dioxide, and produces chemical energy for the cell.Which answer below indicates a correct pairing of the material "burned" and the form of energy produced during cellular respiration?

The cell constantly exchanges materials by bringing nutrients in from the external environment and shuttling unwanted by-products back out.Which term describes the process by which external materials are captured inside transport vesicles and brought into the cell?

Chemical Components of Cells

Energy, Catalysis, and Biosynthesis

Protein Structure and Function

DNA and Chromosomes

DNA Replication and Repair

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Genes and Genomes Evolve

Analyzing the Structure and Function of Genes

Membrane Structure

Transport Across Cell Membranes

How Cells Obtain Energy From Food

Energy Generation in Mitochondria and Chloroplasts

Intracellular Compartments and Protein Transport

Cell Signaling

Cytoskeleton

The Cell-Division Cycle

Sexual Reproduction and the Power of Genetics

Cell Communities: Tissues, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Filters